BAMO及其均聚物的合成研究进展

对文献报道的制备3,3-双(叠氮甲基)氧丁环(BAMO)两条路线进行了分析比较,认为Malik等人发明的的非有机溶剂的相转移催化法,是以3,3-双(氯甲基)氧丁环(BCMO)为原料制备BAMO的较好方法;Sanderson等人提出的以三溴新戊醇(TBNPA)为原料,采用相转移催化法,经两步制备BAMO的方法,是以3,3-双(溴甲基)氧丁环(BBMO)为原料制备BAMO的较好方法。Wardle等人提出的制备BAMO均聚物(PBAMO)的方法,产品的官能度和分子量可控。BF3.THF是由BAMO制备PBAMO的较好催化剂。     

Facile Synthesis and Proposed Mechanism of α,ω‐Oxetanyl-Telechelic Poly(3-nitratomethyl-3-methyl oxetane) by an SN2(i) Nitrato Displacement Method in Basic Media

The synthesis of a novel heterocyclic–telechelic polymer, α,ω-oxetanyl-telechelic poly(3-nitratomethyl-3-methyl oxetane), is described. Infrared spectroscopy (IR), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy have been used to confirm the successful synthesis, demonstrating the presence of the telechelic-oxetanyl moieties. Synthesis of the terminal functionalities has been achieved via displacement of nitrato groups, in a manner similar to that employed with other leaving groups such as azido, bromo, and nitro, initiated by nucleophiles. In the present case, displacement occurs on the ends of a nitrato-functionalized polymer driven by the formation of sodium nitrate, which is supported by the polar aprotic solvent N,N-dimethyl formamide. The formation of an alkoxide at the polymer chain ends is favored and allows internal back-biting to the nearest carbon bearing the nitrato group, intrinsically in an S_N2(i) reaction, leading to α,ω-oxetanyl functionalization. The telechelic-oxetanyl moieties have the potential to be cross-linked by chemical (e.g., acidic) or radiative (e.g., ultraviolet) curing methods without the use of high temperatures, usually below 100°C. This type of material was designed for future use as a contraband simulant, whereby it would form the predominant constituent of elastomeric composites comprising rubbery polymer with small quantities of solids, typically crystals of contraband substances, such as explosives or narcotics. This method also provides an alternative approach to ring closure and synthesis of heterocycles.     

PBAMO的非等温结晶行为研究

用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)研究了聚3,3-二叠氮甲基氧杂丁环(PBAMO)在匀速降温过程中的结晶行为,结晶峰峰顶温度随降温速率的变化符合一阶指数衰减规律,结晶度在降温速率为2 ℃·min-1时达到最大,降温速率为5 ℃·min-1时,结晶速率达到最大.用Ozawa公式研究了非等温结晶行为,得到的Ozawa指数随温度的升高而增大,分为三个区域: (1) 温度小于14 ℃,Ozawa指数小于3; (2) 温度介于14～18 ℃,Ozawa指数介于3～4.12; (3) 温度高于18 ℃,Ozawa指数接近5.根据Kissinger公式计算得到的结晶活化能为59.37 kJ·mol-1.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Glycidyl Azide‐r‐(3,3‐bis(azidomethyl)oxetane) Copolymers

Glycidyl azide‐r‐(3,3‐bis(azidomethyl)oxetane) copolymers were synthesized by cationic copolymerization of epichlorohydrin and 3,3‐bis(bromomethyl)oxetane, using butane‐1,4‐diol as an initiator and boron trifluoride etherate as a catalyst, followed by azidation of the halogenated copolymer. The main objective of this work is the preparation of an OH‐terminated amorphous polymer with energetic content higher than that of the well‐known glycidyl azide homopolymer. The effect of experimental conditions, i.e., the rate of monomer feeding, on the final molecular weight and functionality of the copolymer has also been investigated. The obtained copolymers were extensively characterized to determine their composition and thermal stability. The heat of reaction for the polymerization of the halogenated key precursors has also been measured. It was found that even though both the operating conditions and the catalytic system were chosen in order to favor a living character of the polymerization, the final product seems to be the result of a combined living and active chain end mechanism. In particular, the latter is responsible for the formation of oligomers and not hydroxyl‐terminated chains. Nevertheless, the average number of OH groups is high enough to allow a cross‐linking of the polymeric chains, by addition of polyisocyanates and subsequent formation of inter‐chain urethanic bonds.     

含能粘合剂PAMMO的合成与性能研究

以1,4-丁二醇为引发剂,以三氟化硼乙醚络合物为催化剂,以3-叠氮甲基-3-甲基氧丁环(AMMO)为单体,以 CH2Cl2为溶剂,按阳离子开环聚合机理,合成了含能粘合剂3-叠氮甲基-3-甲基氧丁环均聚物(PAMMO).重点研究了催化剂用量对聚合反应的影响,结果表明,降低催化剂用量有利于实现可控聚合.采用DCS、TGA、IR等手段研究了PAMMO的结构和性能.PAMMO的玻璃化转变温度为-40.37 ℃.     

Structure of Urethane Copolymers of 3,3‐Bis(azidomethyl)oxetane and 3‐Azidomethyl‐3‐methyloxetane

Polyurethane copolymers of 3,3‐bis (azidomethyl) oxetane (BAMO) and 3‐azidomethyl‐3‐methyloxetane (AMMO) with molecular structures of types B(AB)n, A(AB)n, (BB)n and ABn with different ratios of oligomeric units were investigated, where A is the non‐crystallizable “soft” block of oligoAMMO and B is the “hard” block of oligoBAMO and the included urethane diol fragments. The amorphous‐crystalline structures of copolymers BAMO and AMMO were elucidated by wide angle X‐ray diffraction measurements. The influences of the molecular structure and the ratio of oligomeric units on the structural parameters were identified. The degree of crystallinity is in a range from 8 to 22 % and sizes of the crystallites were determined. The defectivenesses of first and second kind in the structure were evaluated, which show high values of the first kind defectiveness (approx. 20 %), which describes the displacement of theoretical lattice sites and the existence of unequal sizes of the lattice sites, and minor values for the second kind defectiveness (approx. 3 %), which describes the lattice site disorder in large distances. Small‐angle X‐ray diffraction measurements were used to investigate the domain structures of copolymers BAMO and AMMO. The distribution and sizes of the crystallites in the structures of the copolymers were calculated.     

Cationic photopolymerization of 3‐benzyloxymethyl‐3‐ethyl‐oxetane

The cationic photopolymerization of 3‐benzyloxymethyl‐3‐ethyl‐oxetane (MOX104) initiated by triphenylsulfonium hexafluoroantimonate under UV light was conducted. The kinetics were investigated by real‐time Fourier transform IR spectroscopy and the mechanical and thermal properties of poly(MOX104) were examined by dynamic mechanical analysis and TGA. To adjust the properties of the polymer, different initiator concentrations and comonomer composition were applied. The results showed that the conversion of MOX104 was improved significantly from 17% to almost 90% by adding a certain amount of 3,4‐epoxycyclohexane carboxylate or diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A epoxy resin, while not much effect was observed by adding 1,4‐butanediol diglycidyl ether. Moreover, the glass transition temperature, decomposition temperature and Young's modulus of poly(MOX104) were improved by adding different amounts of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A epoxy resin. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry     

BAMO/GAP无规共聚物的合成与表征

采用1,4-丁二醇-三氟化硼乙醚(BDO/BTFE)体系通过阳离子开环聚合合成了3,3-二溴甲基氧丁环/环氧氯丙烷(BBMO/ECH)无规共聚物,再通过叠氮化反应,得到3,3-二叠氮甲基氧丁环/叠氮缩水甘油醚(BAMO/GAP)无规共聚物。通过反应条件优化,确定了阳离子开环反应的最佳条件是n(BTFE)∶n(BDO)=1∶2,反应温度15℃。通过红外光谱(FT-IR),核磁共振(13C-NMR),凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)和差示扫描量热(DSC)对其进行了表征。BAMO/GAP无规共聚物的-Mn=1750,分子量分布1.12,齐聚物含量约为22%;DSC结果证明,其玻璃化转变为-57.68℃,无结晶性。     

PBT与高能氧化剂的相互作用的热分析法研究

用高压差示扫描量热法(PDSC)和热重-微商热重法(TG-DTG),研究了PBT与CL-20、DNTF、TNAZ、ADN之间的相互作用.结果表明,CL-20受到PBT的促进而提前分解,PBT/CL-20中CL-20的分解峰温比CL-20单组分提前了33.7℃,一部分PBT因受到CL-20和(或)其分解产物的作用也提前分解.PBT大分子对DNTF和TNAZ的气化起到抑制作用,并使其分解放热反应大幅提前近100℃,同时,DNTF和TNAZ气相产物对PBT的分解也有促进作用.除了PBT对ADN产物AN的升华过程有抑制外,PBT和ADN及其凝聚相产物之间的相互作用较小,但ADN的气相产物对PBT和ADN都有一定的影响.     

反应温度对聚3-乙基-3-羟甲基环氧丁烷支化度的影响

以3-乙基-3-羟甲基环氧丁烷为单体,BF1·O（C2H5）2为引发剂,二氯甲烷为溶剂,在-50～30℃的不同温度下通过阳离子自缩合开环聚合,合成超支化聚3-乙基-3-羟甲基环氧丁烷,产物相对分子质量在5000左右。^13C NMR测定结果表明,聚3-乙基-3-羟甲基环氧丁烷的支化度随聚合温度的升高而增大,聚合温度在20℃以上时聚合物支化度随反应温度的变化趋势变小,趋向不变。