Comparative Genomics Reveals 13 Different Isoforms of Mytimycins (A-M) in Mytilus galloprovincialis

Mytimycins are cysteine-rich antimicrobial peptides that show antifungal properties. These peptides are part of the immune network that constitutes the defense system of the Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis). The immune system of mussels has been increasingly studied in the last decade due to its great efficiency, since these molluscs, particularly resistant to adverse conditions and pathogens, are present all over the world, being considered as an invasive species. The recent sequencing of the mussel genome has greatly simplified the genetic study of some of its immune genes. In the present work, we describe a total of 106 different mytimycin variants in 16 individual mussel genomes. The 13 highly supported mytimycin clusters (A–M) identified with phylogenetic inference were found to be subject to the presence/absence variation, a widespread phenomenon in mussels. We also identified a block of conserved residues evolving under purifying selection, which may indicate the “functional core” of the mature peptide, and a conserved set of 10 invariable plus 6 accessory cysteines which constitute a plastic disulfide array. Finally, we extended the taxonomic range of distribution of mytimycins among Mytilida, identifying novel sequences in M. coruscus, M. californianus, P. viridis, L. fortunei, M. philippinarum, M. modiolus, and P. purpuratus.     

Lactobacillus reuteri-fortified camel milk infant formula: Effects of encapsulation,in vitro digestion,and storage conditions on probiotic cell viability and physicochemical characteristics of infant formula

Lactobacillus reuteri fortified camel milk infant formula (CMIF) was produced. The effect of encapsulation in different matrices (sodium alginate and galacto-oligosaccharides) via spray drying, simulated infant gastrointestinal digestion (SIGID), and storage conditions (temperature and humidity) on the viability of L. reuteri in CMIF and the physicochemical properties of CMIF were evaluated. Compared with free cells, probiotic cell viability was significantly enhanced against SIGID conditions upon encapsulation. However, L. reuteri viability in CMIF decreased after 60 d of storage, predominantly at higher storage humidity and temperature levels. At the end of the storage period, significant changes in the color values were observed in all CMIF, with a reduction in their greenness, an increase in yellowness, and a wide variation in their whiteness. Moreover, pH values and caking behavior of all CMIF stored at higher temperature (40°C) and humidity [water activity (a_w) = 0.52] levels were found to be significantly higher than the samples stored under other conditions. Over 30 d of storage at lower humidity conditions (a_w = 0.11 and 0.33) and room temperature (25°C), no significant increase in CMIF lipid oxidation rates was noted. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis showed that, compared with the other storage conditions, CMIF experienced fewer changes in functional groups when stored at a_w = 0.11. Microscopic images showed typical morphological characteristics of milk powder, with round to spherical-shaped particles. Overall, camel milk fortified with encapsulated L. reuteri can be suggested as a promising alternative in infant formula industries, potentially able to maintain its physicochemical characteristics as well as viability of probiotic cells when stored at low humidity levels (a_w = 0.11) and temperature (25°C), over 60 d of storage.     

数控多轴正逆向制造实训基地建设探索

本文阐述了多轴正逆向制造发展趋势,基地建设的必要性,以五轴加工中心、五轴仿真模拟面板、三维扫描仪、3D打印机等为主的加工、逆向、快速成形先进前沿设备,形成多元化的先进制造实习链,满足、丰富实训内容,提升学生社会就业竞争力。     

Modification of narrow‐spectrum peptidomimetic polyurethanes with fatty acid chains confers broad‐spectrum antibacterial activity

Each year, thousands of patients die from antimicrobial‐resistant bacterial infections that fail to respond to conventional antibiotic treatment. Antimicrobial polymers are a promising new method of combating antibiotic‐resistant bacterial infections. We have previously reported the synthesis of a series of narrow‐spectrum peptidomimetic antimicrobial polyurethanes that are effective against Gram‐negative bacteria, such as Escherichia coli; however, these polymers are not effective against Gram‐positive bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus. With the aim of understanding the correlation between chemical structure and antibacterial activity, we have subsequently developed three structural variants of these antimicrobial polyurethanes using post‐polymerization modification with decanoic acid and oleic acid. Our results show that such modifications converted the narrow‐spectrum antibacterial activity of these polymers into broad‐spectrum activity against Gram‐positive species such as S. aureus, however, also increasing their toxicity to mammalian cells. Mechanistic studies of bacterial membrane disruption illustrate the differences in antibacterial action between the various polymers. The results demonstrate the challenge of balancing antimicrobial activity and mammalian cell compatibility in the design of antimicrobial polymer compositions. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry     

立井过砂岩富含水层工作面预注浆分析

郑煤集团杨河煤业43采区樊寨副立井施工中需要穿过预计涌水量187 m³/h、厚57 m的砂岩含水层。针对第1回次采用普通水泥工作面预注浆、吸浆量少、升压快、效果差、达不到预期目的等不利情况，在后3回次采用大压力，白银水泥、超细水泥等新材料、单孔上下端正反同时注浆新工艺，采用压注清水、水玻璃，利用水玻璃的黏性，反复冲洗钻孔把细小裂隙中锈蚀颗粒带出，打开注浆通道，同时针对竖向裂隙多、横向裂隙不联系，加密钻孔布置，缩小注浆段高，取得了较好的注浆效果。     

Quasi gradient-based inversion-free iterative algorithm for solving a class of the nonlinear matrix equations

Inspired by the gradient-based and inversion-free iterations, a new quasi gradient-based inversion-free iterative algorithm is proposed for solving the nonlinear matrix equation $X+A^{\mathrm{T}}{X}^{?n}A=I$. The convergence proof of the suggested algorithm is given. Several matrix norm inequalities are established to depict the convergence properties of this algorithm. Three numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the suggested algorithms.     

临床腋窝淋巴结阳性老年三阴性乳腺癌局部治疗策略

因老年乳腺癌患者多伴发基础疾病,在选择局部治疗方案时,除应考虑原发肿瘤本身因素外,还需评估患者重要器官功能及其对治疗的耐受能力。三阴性乳腺癌与其他亚型乳腺癌相比,主要表现为侵袭性强、预后不佳;而临床腋窝淋巴结阳性的老年三阴性乳腺癌患者,局部治疗的选择则更为棘手,对于此类特殊群体,尚需探索更为合理的个体化治疗方案。     

柿子山楂复合果酱的研究及配方优化

以新鲜柿子为原料,辅以新鲜山楂,经打浆、调配、均质、浓缩和杀菌等工艺,开发研究出一款新型的复合型果酱。通过感官评定、单因素试验和正交实验,确定了柿子山楂复合果酱的最佳配方:柿浆与山楂浆的添加比例为3∶2,白砂糖添加量为40%,柠檬酸添加量为0.5%,黄原胶添加量为0.8%,所得复合果酱色泽金黄,口感细腻,酸甜适中,组织形态和涂抹性较好,同时具备柿子和山楂特有的果香味。     

血糯米牛轧糖配方优化的研究

添加血糯米粉制作血糯米牛轧糖。探讨麦芽糖与白砂糖的质量比、血糯米添加量、奶粉添加量和黄油添加量4个因素对血糯米牛轧糖感官评价和质构的影响,确定血糯米牛轧糖的最佳配方。结果表明,以麦芽糖浆用量为100%,当麦芽糖与白砂糖的质量比3∶1、血糯米添加量30%,奶粉添加量为80%,黄油添加量为25%时,生产的牛轧具有血糯米特有的香气,糖体的硬度和黏度适中,无甜腻感,口感最佳。