An experimental study of adaptive control for evolutionary algorithms

In this paper, we investigate how adaptive operator selection techniques are able to efficiently manage the balance between exploration and exploitation in an evolutionary algorithm, when solving combinatorial optimization problems. We introduce new high level reactive search strategies based on a generic algorithm's controller that is able to schedule the basic variation operators of the evolutionary algorithm, according to the observed state of the search. Our experiments on SAT instances show that reactive search strategies improve the performance of the solving algorithm.     

利用框架理论对信号进行重建

在Hilbert空间中讨论了框架的一些重要的性质,定义了一个框架算子,并讨论了该算子的性质。根据实际问题构造了一框架,使信号在此框架下的投影正好为非均匀采样值。给出了一种框架界的估计方法和重建原信号的迭代算法,最后,用仿真验证了此算法的有效性。     

Material state remapping in computational solid mechanics

A computational procedure for remapping material state information from one finite element mesh to another is described. The procedure is useful in connection with evolving meshes for inelastic problems, as for example occur in the context of fracture simulation and adaptive mesh refinement. The proposed method is based on weak enforcement of equality between corresponding fields on the two meshes, where piecewise‐constant fields on both meshes are generalized from the quadrature‐point values. The essential algorithmic problem is that of calculating the volume partition of an arbitrary convex region with respect to a covering set of disjoint convex regions. Instead of geometrically resolving the associated intersections, the problem is herein approximated by a constrained optimization problem, which may be readily and efficiently solved computationally. This formulation is a main contribution of the paper. Computational examples are given that illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed procedure. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

中国3G运营商的目标市场与业务模式初探

中国3G业务的市场需求有两个方面：一是迅猛增长、规模庞大的用户群对移动语音业务的需求；二是较高收入用户群对移动数据业务的需求。3G运营商的目标市场包括大众用户对移动语音的需求、大众用户对移动数据业务的需求、企业用户对移动数据业务的需求以及批发型用户的需求等。本结合国内外移动运营商的数据业务开展状况，初步探讨了中国3G运营商的移动数据业务模式和3G业务的收入模式。     

WAVELET ALGORITHM FOR INTEGRAL OPERATOR EQUATION AND ITS APPLICATIONS TO ELECTROMAGNETIC PROBLEMS

A brief summary of the basic theory of wavelet is proposed. The properties of wavelet function are discussed. The possible applications of wavelet to electromagnetics are given. Examples show that the wavelet method is feasible and effective for solving electromagnetic problems.     

关于Grünwald型多项式算子的线性组合

研究了Grünwald型多项式算子Hn(f;x,r)对f(x)∈Cj[-1,1],1≤j≤r的逼近阶,在连续状态下给出了点态的逼近阶.     

用投影预变换提高自适应波束形成的稳健性

在快拍数较少和（或）存在系统误差时，自适应波束形成的性能会变差，特别是会引起方向图副瓣电平升高——波束畸变。本文提出的投影变换法利用干扰方向的初略估计，在未精确预知阵列流形的条件下，可以显著改善自适应方向图的副瓣性能，并提高自适应算法的收敛性，计算机仿真结果验证了这一优点。     

Non‐reflecting artificial boundaries for transient scalar wave propagation in a two‐dimensional infinite homogeneous layer

This paper presents an exact non‐reflecting boundary condition for dealing with transient scalar wave propagation problems in a two‐dimensional infinite homogeneous layer. In order to model the complicated geometry and material properties in the near field, two vertical artificial boundaries are considered in the infinite layer so as to truncate the infinite domain into a finite domain. This treatment requires the appropriate boundary conditions, which are often referred to as the artificial boundary conditions, to be applied on the truncated boundaries. Since the infinite extension direction is different for these two truncated vertical boundaries, namely one extends toward x →∞ and another extends toward x→‐ ∞, the non‐reflecting boundary condition needs to be derived on these two boundaries. Applying the variable separation method to the wave equation results in a reduction in spatial variables by one. The reduced wave equation, which is a time‐dependent partial differential equation with only one spatial variable, can be further changed into a linear first‐order ordinary differential equation by using both the operator splitting method and the modal radiation function concept simultaneously. As a result, the non‐reflecting artificial boundary condition can be obtained by solving the ordinary differential equation whose stability is ensured. Some numerical examples have demonstrated that the non‐reflecting boundary condition is of high accuracy in dealing with scalar wave propagation problems in infinite and semi‐infinite media. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Multiplicative Operator Splittings in Nonlinear Diffusion: From Spatial Splitting to Multiple Timesteps

Operator splitting is a powerful concept used in many diversed fields of applied mathematics for the design of effective numerical schemes. Following the success of the additive operator splitting (AOS) in performing an efficient nonlinear diffusion filtering on digital images, we analyze the possibility of using multiplicative operator splittings to process images from different perspectives.We start by examining the potential of using fractional step methods to design a multiplicative operator splitting as an alternative to AOS schemes. By means of a Strang splitting, we attempt to use numerical schemes that are known to be more accurate in linear diffusion processes and apply them on images. Initially we implement the Crank-Nicolson and DuFort-Frankel schemes to diffuse noisy signals in one dimension and devise a simple extrapolation that enables the Crank-Nicolson to be used with high accuracy on these signals. We then combine the Crank-Nicolson in 1D with various multiplicative operator splittings to process images. Based on these ideas we obtain some interesting results. However, from the practical standpoint, due to the computational expenses associated with these schemes and the questionable benefits in applying them to perform nonlinear diffusion filtering when using long timesteps, we conclude that AOS schemes are simple and efficient compared to these alternatives.We then examine the potential utility of using multiple timestep methods combined with AOS schemes, as means to expedite the diffusion process. These methods were developed for molecular dynamics applications and are used efficiently in biomolecular simulations. The idea is to split the forces exerted on atoms into different classes according to their behavior in time, and assign longer timesteps to nonlocal, slowly-varying forces such as the Coulomb and van der Waals interactions, whereas the local forces like bond and angle are treated with smaller timesteps. Multiple timestep integrators can be derived from the Trotter factorization, a decomposition that bears a strong resemblance to a Strang splitting. Both formulations decompose the time propagator into trilateral products to construct multiplicative operator splittings which are second order in time, with the possibility of extending the factorization to higher order expansions. While a Strang splitting is a decomposition across spatial dimensions, where each dimension is subsequently treated with a fractional step, the multiple timestep method is a decomposition across scales. Thus, multiple timestep methods are a realization of the multiplicative operator splitting idea. For certain nonlinear diffusion coefficients with favorable properties, we show that a simple multiple timestep method can improve the diffusion process.