LED light-induced enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution on Au@TiO2 core–shell modified by nitrogen doping and reduced graphene oxide

This study focused on the large band gap of TiO₂ for its use as a photocatalyst under light emitting diode (LED) light irradiation. The photocatalytic activities of core–shell structured Au@TiO₂ nanoparticles (NPs), nitrogen doped Au@TiO₂ NPs, and Au@TiO₂/rGO nanocomposites (NCs) were investigated under various light intensities and sacrificial reagents. All the materials showed better photocatalytic activity under white LED light irradiation than under blue LED light. The N-doped core–shell structured Au@TiO₂ NPs (Au@N–TiO₂) and Au@TiO₂/rGO NCs showed enhanced photocatalytic activity with an average H₂ evolution rate of 9205 μmol h^?1g^?1 and 9815 μmol h^?1g^?1, respectively. All these materials showed an increasing rate of hydrogen evolution with increasing light intensity and catalyst loading. In addition, methanol was more suitable as a sacrificial reagent than lactic acid. The rate of hydrogen evolution increased with increasing methanol concentration up to 25% in DI water and decreased at higher concentrations. Overall, Au@TiO₂ core–shell-based nanocomposites can be used as an improved photocatalyst in photocatalytic hydrogen production.     

Enhanced luminescence and energy transfer performance of double perovskite structure Gd2MgTiO6:Bi3+, Mn4+ phosphor for indoor plant growth LED lighting

Deep-red light emitting phosphors are widely used in LEDs for indoor plant growth because of the critical role played by red light in plant growth. The luminescence properties of deep-red phosphors are still not well understood at present. An energy transfer strategy is a common and effective method to improve luminescence properties. In principle, the energy transfer process may occur when the sensitizer's emission spectra overlap with the activator's excitation spectra. In this work, Bi³⁺ and Mn⁴⁺ were incorporated into the matrix of Gd₂MgTiO₆ as sensitisers and activators, respectively. Mn⁴⁺ ions tend to occupy the [TiO₆] octahedral site and the Bi³⁺ ions are expected to substituted in the site of Gd³⁺. The energy transfer process from Bi³⁺ to Mn⁴⁺ was realised and the photoluminescence (PL) intensity of Mn⁴⁺ increased with the doping content of Bi³⁺. Upon excitation at 375 nm, the PL intensity of Mn⁴⁺ increased to 116.4% when the doping concentration of Bi³⁺ reached 0.3%. Finally, the pc-LED devices were prepared by a Gd₂MgTiO₆:Bi³⁺, Mn⁴⁺ phosphor. The high red luminescence indicated that this phosphor has potential applications in indoor LED lighting.     

Improved quantum efficiency of Sr(Al,Si)5(O,N)7:Ce3+ by selection of Ce raw material

The luminescence properties of yellow-emitting Ce³⁺-doped Sr-containing sialon phosphor Sr(Al,Si)₅(O,N)₇:Ce³⁺ were notably improved by the Ce raw material selection. By changing the Ce raw material from oxides to nitrides or chlorides, the emission wavelength shifted to above 560 nm, which is beneficial for higher color rendering index white light-emitting diodes. This result from an increase in the covalency of the host crystal being associated with a decrease in the oxygen content. When Ce chloride was used, both the absorption and internal quantum efficiency increased, resulting in an increase in the external quantum efficiency up to 65%–72%. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, and electron spin resonance measurements showed that the reason for the absorption increase is an increase in Ce³⁺ content and suppression of the generation of the second phase, and the reason for the increase in the internal quantum efficiency is a decrease in the host crystal absorption via suppression of anion vacancy generation. It was found that Ce chloride not only suppresses oxygen impurities but also acts as a flux that results in improved crystallinity.     

Strong f-f excitation in titanium silicate: Near-UV LED pumped red phosphors with outstanding temperature sensitivity

Optical thermometry and white light-emitting diodes (WLEDs) are the research hotspots for Eu³⁺ doped phosphors. In this study, a series of Sr₂TiSi₂O₈: Eu³⁺ red phosphors were developed in a solid-state reaction method. The luminescent properties of the Sr₂TiSi₂O₈: Eu³⁺ phosphor illustrate that Sr₂TiSi₂O₈: Eu³⁺ is effectively excited by the NUV LED chip and emit an intense red light with a peak of 618 nm due to the noninversion symmetry coordination of Eu³⁺ in Sr₂TiSi₂O₈. The local coordination environment of Eu³⁺ was investigated in detail using crystallographic data, spectroscopic data and Judd–Ofelt parameters. In addition, the emission intensity of Sr₂TiSi₂O₈:Eu³⁺ is extremely sensitive to temperature. The relative sensitivity of Sr₂TiSi₂O₈:Eu³⁺ is 1.1% k^-1@300 k, which is comparable to other Eu³⁺-activated temperature sensing materials. The possible mechanism of the temperature sensitive quenching characteristics was proposed. The results indicate that Sr₂TiSi₂O₈:Eu³⁺ is a potential temperature sensing material.     

Effects of displays on a direct reaching task: A comparative study of head mounted display and stereoscopic widescreen display

This study was conducted to investigate the virtual display effects on direct interaction performance metrics such as accuracy, task completion time, and comfort. Eighteen participants performed tapping (pointing) tasks in the coronal plane by directly reaching for tapping targets at three egocentric distance levels, with three indices of difficulty at each egocentric distance. The position data and severity of cybersickness symptoms were collected with a motion system and a symptom questionnaire, respectively. The results indicated that accuracy was higher with the stereoscopic widescreen display than with the head mounted display. However, no significant differences in task completion time, throughput, and cybersickness were observed between the two VR displays. In addition, increasing the egocentric distance improved accuracy and lengthened the task completion time, whereas increasing the task difficulty lengthened the task completion time but did not affect the accuracy. The findings are important and informative for users in choosing between the two virtual reality displays. Generally, the stereoscopic widescreen display can be recommended for tasks requiring high egocentric distance accuracy in the coronal plane. Furthermore, developers may refer to these findings in designing interfaces that allow a more natural way of interaction for users.     

Genetically Encoded Libraries of Constrained Peptides

Many therapeutic peptides can still be improved with respect to target specificity, target affinity, resistance to peptidases/proteases, physical stability, and capacity to pass through membranes required for oral delivery. Several modifications can improve the peptides’ properties, in particular those that impose (a) conformational constraint(s). Screening of constrained peptides and the identification of hits is greatly facilitated by the generation of genetically encoded libraries. Recent breakthrough bacterial, phage, and yeast display screening systems of ribosomally synthesized post-translationally constrained peptides, particularly those of lanthipeptides, are earning special attention. Here we provide an overview of display systems for constrained, genetically encoded peptides and indicate prospects of constrained peptide-displaying phage and bacterial systems as such in vivo.     

恒湿文物展柜用吸附式空气取水方法

博物馆恒湿文物展柜的湿度控制至关重要，为实现展柜的自动恒湿功能，本文基于吸附式空气取水原理，提出了一种将环境水汽自动补充至恒湿文物展柜系统水箱的方法，并搭建了相应的小型空气取水装置，证明了该方法的可行性；同时，构建了传热传质耦合的空气取水装置数学模型，在获取环境温湿度对装置取水量的影响规律后，分析加热功率和吸附床结构对装置单位能耗取水量的影响；此外，为便于装置的后期推广应用，提出了两个基于吸附床高度和直径的量纲为1参数。结果表明：进口空气的温度对取水量影响较小，但进口空气的湿度对取水量影响较明显，取水量随着湿度增加而增加；加热功率存在最优值，单位能耗取水量随着加热功率先增大后减小；在当前几何参数组合下，两个量纲为1参数η=2、β=4时，装置的单位能耗取水量最高。     

热仿真技术在加固显示器热设计中的应用

根据某型加固显示器的应用环境及内部功能模块的热特性,选择强迫风冷的散热方式,并通过热仿真计算指导风扇选型,根据仿真结果验证散热方案的可行性。最终,依据试验结果验证仿真结果的准确性,为加固显示器的热设计提供思路。     

Optimization of three-dimensional boiling enhancement structure at evaporation surface for high power light emitting diode

A theoretical model of phase change heat sink was established in terms of thermal resistance network. The influence of different parameters on the thermal resistance was analyzed and the crucial impact factors were determined. Subsequently, the forming methods including ploughing–extrusion and stamping method of boiling enhancement structure at evaporation surface were investigated, upon which three-dimensional microgroove structure was fabricated to improve the efficiency of evaporation. Moreover, the crucial parameters related to the fabrication of miniaturized phase change heat sink were optimized. The heat transfer performance of the heat sink was tested. Results show that the developed phase change heat sink has excellent heat transfer performance and is suitable for high power LED applications.     

不同LED光质对绿叶生菜生长的影响

选用半结球生菜和散叶生菜两种绿叶生菜为试材,在其他生长条件相同的情况下,设置3个红蓝光配比,分别为R∶B=4∶1、R∶B=3∶1、R∶B=1∶1,探究不同LED光质对绿叶生菜生长的影响。结果表明:半结球生菜在株高、横径、叶片数、单株鲜重、地上部鲜重方面均随着红光的增多呈上升趋势,并在R∶B=4∶1下达到最大,而地下部鲜重和根冠比在R∶B=1∶1下达到最大;散叶生菜的株高、横径、叶片数、单株鲜重和地上部鲜重均在R∶B=3∶1下达到最大。结论:在本试验设置的3种光配比中,R∶B=4∶1最有利于半结球生菜的生长,R∶B=3∶1最有利于散叶生菜的生长。