An active balancer with rapid bidirectional charge shuttling and adaptive equalization current control for lithium-ion battery strings

This article proposes an active balancer, which features bidirectional charge shuttling and adaptive equalization current control, to fast counterbalance the state of charge (SOC) of cells in a lithium-ion battery (LIB) string. The power circuit consists of certain bidirectional buck-boost converters to transfer energy among the different cells back and forth. Owing to the characterization of the open-circuit voltage (OCV) vs SOC in LIB being relatively smooth near the SOC middle range, the SOC-inspected balance strategy can achieve more precise and efficient equilibrium than the voltage-based control. Accordingly, a compensated OCV-based SOC estimation is put forward to take into account the discrepancy of SOC estimation. Besides, the varied-duty-cycle (VDC) and curve-fitting modulation (CFM) methods are devised herein to tackle the problems of slow equalization rate and low balance efficacy, which arise from the diminution in balancing current as the SOC difference between the cells decreases in the later duration of equalization especially. The proposed strategies have taken the battery nonlinear characteristic and circuit parameter nonideality into account and can adaptively modulate the duty cycle with the SOC difference to keep balancing current constant throughout the balancing cycle. Simulated and experimental results are given to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the same prototype constructed. Compared with the fixed duty cycle and the VDC methods, the proposed CFM has the best balancing efficiency of 81.4%, and the balance time is shortened by 27.1% and 18.6%, respectively.     

锂离子电池组充放电均衡器及均衡策略

提出了一种基于Buck斩波电路和Boost-Buck斩波电路的锂离子电池组充放电均衡器。根据电池组的两种工作状态,采取两种不同的均衡策略:电池组处于充电状态时,电池组中荷电状态最高的强单体电池被均衡放电,强单体电池的充电电流减小,而同组中的其他单体电池不受影响;电池组处于放电或静置状态时,电池组中最弱的单体电池被均衡充电,而同组中的其他单体电池不受影响。均衡器具有均衡电路控制简单、易实现,被均衡的单体电池任意可选、均衡能量可双向传输、均衡电流易控等优点。详细阐述了两种均衡控制策略的工作原理,并采用此均衡器对串联的四个磷酸铁锂电池进行了充放电均衡实验,实验结果证明了此均衡器不仅改善了单体电池间不均衡程度,同时提高了电池组的充电容量和放电容量。     

超宽带低温接收机后级低噪声放大器设计

设计了一种用于超宽频低温接收机后级放大的宽带低噪声放大器,并给出了仿真和测试结果。该低噪声放大器采用三个单片级联,并在级间加入了均衡和衰减网络对增益进行修正,使增益平坦度得到很大改善,同时对噪声等指标影响较小。最终实现的低噪声放大器在1～9GHz 频率范围内,常温噪声系数优于2dB,增益大于35dB,平坦度小于3.5dB,输入输出驻波比小于2.5,输出1dB 压缩点功率大于10dBm。     

基于遗传算法的微波均衡器仿真和工程设计

研究了用于均衡行波管增益的微波均衡器的计算机仿真和工程设计问题。理论分析并建立了均衡 器的一般微波网络模型,该网络模型具有数十个优化变量,能够使均衡器实现任意有理函数类的均衡曲线。利用遗 传优化算法完成多变量的单目标或多目标优化,最终根据优化结果来具体实现均衡器的工程设计并为后期调试提 供指导。设计了一种C 波段10 阶同轴均衡器,实物调节和测试表明该设计对该波段的各种均衡曲线均有很好的适 应性,均衡误差1dB 以内,其中均衡枝节还具有温度补偿特性,高低温温飘小于5MHz。     

基于GaAs MMIC工艺的单片均衡器设计

幅度均衡器被广泛应用于各类微波组件,是其重要的组成部分。对定阻型的幅度均衡器设计进行分析,利用Ga As MMIC标准工艺制作了一款22~32 GHz单片幅度均衡器,该芯片尺寸为0.8 mm×0.7 mm×0.1 mm。经装架测试,在工作频段实现5 d B的负斜率幅度均衡量,驻波良好,插损2.53 d B@32 GHz,基本实现了设计目标。     

Test bed for characterization and predistortion of power amplifiers

A platform of high accuracy and reliability is crucial for power amplifier (PA) designers to assess the characteristics of the PA prototype, and for the digital predistorter engineers to validate their models and algorithms. Digital processing techniques for building a test bed of high performance for PA characterization and predistortion (PD) are discussed in this article. We also proposed a novel technique to characterize the frequency responses of the vector signal generator and vector signal analyzer independently without using any other instrument. The techniques described in this article are quite useful, especially for narrowband vector transmitters and receivers, to improve their performance. These techniques were experimentally evaluated, both for characterization and PD of a class‐F PA. Test results show that using such techniques can successfully build a test bed of high accuracy and wide bandwidth. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE, 2013.     

An efficient decision feedback equalizer for the ATSC DTV receiver

In this paper an efficient decision feedback equalizer is presented for the equalization of the received signal in the eight level vestigial sideband, Advanced Television Systems Committee, digital television system, adopting a novel detection rule for symbol detection at the output of the equalizer. The conventional hard limiter is replaced by an efficient symbol detection algorithm, based on the underlying trellis coded modulated coding of the transmitted symbols. The proposed decision device has a marginal computational cost and it can be implemented using simple combinatorial and sequential logic circuitry. When the equalizer operates in the decision directed mode, the normalized least mean squared algorithm is utilized for the adaptation of the equalizer coefficients, in a “stop-and-go” like mode, triggered by a reliability signal associated to the detected symbols. The performance of the proposed method is illustrated by typical computer simulation.     

基于NOLM的二元信号功率均衡器研究

为了全光处理具有固定功率差异光信号,本文在详细分析非线性光纤环形镜(NOLM)受不同泵浦作用时输出特点的基础上,设计了将二元功率光信号进行幅度直接均衡的方案.利用光子学仿真软件进行了数值实验,结果显示二元信号经幅度均衡后的输出功率由均衡器输出级探测波功率直接确定,输出脉冲无波长改变,且幅度抖动小.输出脉冲无基座表明该方...     

高频段下新MIMO时域均衡算法仿真研究

借鉴V-BLAST的MIMO检测思想,针对高频段信道提出了一种新的MIMO时域均衡算法,该算法基于特定的判决反馈均衡器结构,滤波器的系数可通过信道估计计算得到。新算法通过迭代进行分层均衡,前一层均衡出的发射信号可用于后一层均衡时的干扰消除。仿真表明,这一新算法不但计算复杂度低,还能有效地改善系统的误码性能。     

群时延内均衡的模拟滤波器优化设计

为解决滤波器幅频特性算术对称性和通带内群时延波动之间的矛盾,提出了一种滤波器群时延内均衡优化设计方法,即在网络综合法设计的滤波器电路基础上,将电路与时延均衡器直接耦合,用最小二乘法使群时延特性逼近一个常数,然后利用无约束优化算法对整个电路进行优化来降低通带内群时延波动.仿真结果表明,该方法不但能使滤波器幅频特性算术对称...