Micro‐morphological,environmental and phytochemical investigation of herbal medicines by using LM and SEM: A quality control tool

The use of quality control tool for authentication of Jadwar (Delphinium denudatum Wall. ex Hook.f. & Thomson), a folk herbal drug used for the treatment of different ailments, was studied. People face problems of adulteration for this drug at global, regional, national and local levels. Two different plant species are commercially marketed in the Indo‐Pak Subcontinent under the same trade name of Jadwar. One is D. denudatum Wall. ex Hook.f. & Thomson and the other is Aconitum heterophyllum Wall. ex Royle. To focus on this problem, a marketable available drug sample of Jadwar was authenticated by using basic microscopy tools (LM) and advanced chemo‐taxonomic markers. Authentication, quality and standardization of this drug was achieved using morphology, organoleptography, UV and IR analyses, scanning electron microscopy of pollen and anatomical investigations. The techniques used for authentication marked the clear difference between the studied plants. Microscopic studies, chemotaxonomic investigation and other techniques used in this project provided the basis for the authentication of this species.     

Development of low-alcohol isotonic beer by interrupted fermentation

Alcohol-free beer with isotonic properties is getting more popular and its production can be carried out by different production strategies; however, interrupted fermentation is still a challenge. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop a low-alcohol isotonic beer (<0.5% v/v) by interrupted fermentation. Moreover, the major objective is to compare the developed product to commercial beverages (sports drinks, ‘Pilsen' regular beer, alcohol-free beers and low-alcohol isotonic beer). The beverages were evaluated based on pH, alcohol content (% v/v), total titratable acidity (mEq L⁻¹), osmolality (mOsmol kg⁻¹), bitterness International Bitterness Units, colour European Brewery Convention, total phenolic compounds (mg L⁻¹ gallic acid), reducing and total sugars (%) and Na and K contents (mg L⁻¹). The developed low-alcohol isotonic beer presented characteristics similar to sports drinks, with the advantage of being richer in phenolic compounds and suitable osmolality. Despite salts were added in its formulation, the grades attributed to all beers employed in the sensory evaluation, as well as the purchase intention did not present significant differences.     

Quality assurance of Chinese herbal medicines: Procedure for multiple‐herb extraction

A quality assurance (QA) procedure for multiple‐herb extraction, which takes into account the existence of common chemical markers and multiple‐herb‐extraction effects, has been developed for producing Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) of consistent quality. The experimental method for determining related correlation function of the multiple‐herb‐extraction effect was designed. A systematic solution strategy was also developed to appropriately decompose the multiple‐herb extraction system into several subsystems for obtaining solution(s) and determining the overall behavior of the system. An example of QA of Danshen–Gegen (DG) decoction was used to demonstrate the QA procedure. An H9c2 cell assay was used to test the efficacy of consistent quality DG decoctions prepared by different herb combinations with different material costs of herbs. It was observed that a multiple‐herb‐extraction effect was present in the aqueous extraction of Danshensu and this effect was depended on the extraction solvent. The possible mechanism of this multiple‐herb‐extraction effect in the aqueous DG extraction was speculated to be the change of initial pH value of the aqueous extraction solvent by an unknown component from Gegen. The experimental chemical marker concentrations fell within ±10% of the specified chemical marker compositions by using the amount of herb from each herb class as predicted by the QA model. Furthermore, an H9c2 cell assay was used to test the efficacy of three consistent quality DG extracts, which were produced by different herb combinations with different material costs of herbs. The results showed that the three DG extracts provided consistent biological efficacy against menadione‐induced toxicity. This study extended a recently developed QA procedure of single‐herb extraction to multiple‐herb extraction. It provides a solution of QA in extraction, which is one of the most important unresolved problems in the modernization of traditional Chinese medicines. With this modified model and the companion experiments, the amount of herbs needed from different quality classes to produce a multiple‐herb formula CHM product decoction with consistent quality can be exactly determined. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J 60: 4014–4026, 2014     

中药祛痘膏的制备与应用

研制了一种以中药组方作为祛痘功效成分的祛痘膏,用于治疗痤疮。确定了祛痘膏的制备工艺和质量标准,同时抽选门诊患者进行治疗,观察临床疗效。结果证实,所得制剂制备工艺简单,性质稳定,疗效确切。治疗组100例,总有效率91％,对照组50例,总有效率80％,治疗组疗效优于对照组（P〈0．05）。     

超临界流体萃取技术在中药挥发油提取中的共性的初步研究

超临界流体萃取技术在中药材有效成分的萃取,尤其是在挥发油提取方面应用较多。选取三味中药材作为代表,通过正交试验及单因素考察来筛选最佳的提取条件。同时结合相关研究成果,总结提取条件,寻找共性规律。结果表明超临界萃取技术在中药挥发油提取中的共性条件包括:萃取压力20~30 MPa,萃取温度35~50℃,萃取时间2~3 h。     

枳实-白术及其单味药中挥发油成分的对比分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法从枳实、白术及其药对中提取挥发油成分,利用气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)分离检测它们,并通过交互移动窗口因子法(AMWFA)对其共有组分进行比较分析,最后通过质谱库结合保留指数、面积积分法进行定性定量分析。枳实、白术及其药对中挥发油分别定性46、45和82个成分,占各自总量的92.51%、91.56%和82.09%。药对与枳实、白术的共有组分分别为38个和37个。药对中挥发油主要成分是:D-苧烯(34.88%)(主要来自枳实);1,2,3,4-四氢-1-丁基异喹啉(22.31%)、大根香叶烯D(4.74%)(主要来自白术);里哪醇(6.17%)(新增)等。实验表明药对种类与含量变化并不是单味药的简单相加。     

纯镁表面负载中药提取物对复合涂层性能影响

在纯镁超声微弧氧化表面,采用电泳沉积方法引入壳聚糖作为中间层,并在壳聚糖表面浸提中药提取物。研究中药提取物对复合涂层的微观结构、磨损性能、耐蚀性和生物活性等的影响。结果表明：负载中药提取物能对超声微弧氧化表面实现封孔处理,负载中药提取物涂层具有适宜的表面状态,从而改善耐蚀性;负载中药提取物涂层为化学结合提高了涂层的结合力和抗磨损性能,并具有优异的体外生物活性。     

CO2激光联合匹多莫德、中药熏洗治疗多发性跖疣的疗效

目的：探讨CO2激光联合匹多莫德、中药熏洗治疗多发性跖疣的临床疗效。方法将80例多发性跖疣患者按治疗方法的不同分为3组：对照组（20例）、治疗1组（30例）和治疗2组（30例）。3组均在局部麻醉下行CO2激光治疗。在此基础上,治疗1组采用匹多莫德片治疗。治疗2组采用匹多莫德片治疗,同时采用中药熏洗治疗。观察3组的临床疗效及复发率情况。结果治疗1组有效率、复发率与对照组比较差异均无统计学意义（70．0％、20．0％比55．0％、25．0％,均P＞0．05）。与对照组、治疗1组比较,治疗2组有效率明显升高,复发率明显降低（96．7％、3．3％比55．0％、25．0％,70．0％、20．0％,均P＜0．05）。结论CO2激光联合匹多莫德、中药熏洗治疗多发性跖疣可显著提高有效率,降低复发率,减少不良反应,值得临床应用。     

杂果薄荷型中草药牙膏用香精的研制

报道了杂果薄荷型中草药牙膏香精的研制,所得配方解决了单纯橙味香精、酯类水果香精对中草药味道掩盖力不强、亲合性差的问题,可为中草药牙膏香精的开发提供借鉴。