融合环境因素的有限空间毒气扩散危害程度分析

为探究环境因素对毒气扩散危害程度的影响,通过对比有限空间内外环境差异,了解气体在有限空间内受力情况,并以传统高斯烟羽模型为基础,考虑扩散气体与有限空间边界碰撞产生的反射作用,建立了适用于有限空间气体扩散的改进高斯烟羽模型。深度剖析有限空间气体扩散环境,挖掘气体扩散主要关联因子,构建风速、地表粗糙度对有限空间气体扩散的影响函数;参照有限空间环境特征,分别设置3种不同风速与2种不同地表粗糙度,推求6种不同环境条件下气体扩散面积,阐明风速与地表粗糙度对有限空间气体扩散的影响程度。结果表明:在单一风速条件下,风速越高,地表粗糙度越低,洞室内H2S气体滞留时间越短,洞室内气体的扩散面积越小;风速越低,地表粗糙度越高,洞室内气体的扩散面积越大。     

基于决策树的羽流追踪机器人自主决策方法研究

针对无法获得可靠羽流流向信息不利于实现羽流追踪的问题，提出了一种基于决策树的羽流追踪移动机器人自主决策方法。该方法通过移动机器人两侧的浓度传感器采集到的浓度信息，利用追踪的行为规则建立决策树模型，获得行为决策信息，使机器人高效地追踪到羽流并精确地定位。由于浓度变化关系蕴含了羽流的流向及流速信息，从而取代了传统方法中流向及流速传感器。在扩散环境下，通过移动机器人羽流追踪实验，实现了良好的源定位效果。     

Experimental measurements,integral modeling and smoke detection of early fire in thermally stratified environments

Building fires go through a series of stages. They start with a fire plume period during which buoyant fire smoke rises to the ceiling. A second stage is the following enclosure smoke-filling period. In this paper, the first stage is the subject, especially for the fire plume behavior in thermally stratified environments in large volume spaces. In NFPA 92B, Morton's integral equation was introduced for calculating the maximum plume rise, and beam smoke detectors were recommended for smoke detection design. In this work, experiments and CFD simulations were conducted in a small-scale enclosure and a large space to investigate early fire movements in temperature-stratified ambients. The results show that in a thermally stratified environment, the axial temperature and velocity of a fire plume decrease more quickly along the vertical axis than in uniform environment, and in some cases the fire plume ceases to rise. The previous integral equation was shown to underestimate the actual maximum height of a fire smoke plume, and also was unable to explain the differences of the maximum heights of low-density and high-density smoke plumes with the same stratification and outlet conditions. The integral equation was improved by introducing two correction factors, and extended for non-linear temperature stratified environments. A light section smoke detection method with three space-protected area was suggested and discussed.     

The Balcony Spill Plume: Entrainment of Air into a Flow from a Compartment Opening to a Higher Projecting Balcony

In the design of smoke ventilation systems, a crucial input parameter for balcony spill plume calculations is the mass flow rate of gases at the spill edge. In some cases, depending upon the specific geometry, these calculations can require the entrainment of air into a flow from a compartment opening to a higher projecting balcony to be determined. Entrainment of air into these smoke flows are not well understood and the current guidance available to the designers of smoke ventilation systems is crude. This work presents a simple empirical correlation to predict the entrainment of air into these flows, and hence, the subsequent mass flow rate of gases at the spill edge. A combination of computational fluid dynamics modelling and physical scale modelling was used in the analysis. In general, this work has demonstrated that the current guidance on the entrainment of air into these flows is conservative.     

Experimental investigation on the plasma morphology of ablative pulsed plasma thruster with tongue-shaped and flared electrodes

Ablative pulsed plasma thrusters(APPTs) are considered as an attractive propulsion option for station-keeping and drag makeup purposes for mass-and power-limited satellites. In order to understand the physical mechanism of APPTs, high-speed camera and optical emission spectroscopy are utilized to investigate the plasma characteristics including the spatial distribution and composition between the electrodes. The plume images and spectra at different times and positions are experimentally recorded, and the spatial distribution, composition, and trajectory of plasmas can be concluded through analyzing them. With the increase of the distance from the ablation surface, two clusters of plasmas near the anode and cathode meet downstream,and the species and density of plasmas tend to be uniform.     

激光扫描焊接熔池及等离子体动态行为

以5A06铝合金为试验材料，采用高速摄影技术对激光扫描焊接过程中的熔池及等离子体羽辉动态行为进行拍摄，对比分析了常规单激光焊接与激光扫描焊接条件下的熔池表面流动特征和等离子体羽辉波动特征. 结果表明，一定条件下的摆动激光光束相比于单激光光束，能够极大地增强等离子体羽辉的稳定性，延长其存在周期，同时熔池流动的方向性增强，稳定性提高，整个焊接液态熔池表面不存在“回流”现象，熔池流动产生的流体动压力对匙孔的冲击力作用降低，匙孔的稳定性提高.     

Laser welding of 6061 aluminum alloy sheet with surfactant

Aluminum alloy shows low absorption to laser for its essential high reflection property.In this paper,an active laser welding process is adopted to weld 6061 aluminum alloy with the halide surfactant c...     

Measurement method of plasma current and density in atmospheric pressure plasma jet

We present a measurement method of the plasma current and density in an atmospheric‐pressure plasma generated using a quartz tube, helium gas, and copper foil electrode by applying a high RF voltage. The plasma in the form of a bullet is released as a plume or jet into the atmosphere. To study the characteristics of the atmospheric‐pressure plasma, the plasma current is measured using a current probe, and the drift velocity of plasma plume is measured using a photodetector. The current of the plasma plume is estimated by subtracting the ground line current from the power line current in the circuit. The density of plasma plume n is estimated from the plasma plume current I and the drift velocity v as I = envS, where S is the cross section of plasma plume. The density of the released plasma into the atmosphere is estimated as ∼10¹⁸ m⁻³ by the method. © 2015 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

直升机排气系统尾焰红外辐射数值计算研究

尾焰是直升机红外辐射的主要来源之一。通过将直升机尾焰流场模型、气体辐射指数宽谱带模型(EWBM)和辐射传输方程(RTE)相结合,发展了一种直升机尾焰红外辐射特性估算方法。通过2个算例从不同的角度对该方法进行了验证,结果表明:采用该方法对尾焰红外辐射进行计算与分析是可行的,能满足工程设计的需要。     

电推力器羽流离子能谱测试仪设计及在轨数据分析

阻滞势分析仪（RPA）可有效获得等离子体离子能量分布,针对空间电推力器产生的交换电荷等离子体羽流参数范围与特性,开展了专用RPA的设计,着重描述已用于航天器上搭载的RPA设计方法及影响因素分析。在轨测试表明,所设计RPA获得了理想的测试结果,通过对测试数据分析获得了羽流等离子体的离子能谱和束流密度。