NaWuReT-Workshop: Forschung in der Reaktionstechnik für und mit der Gesellschaft

In this article, the results of the NaWuReT (Early Career Reaction Engineers) workshop on the topic “Are we doing relevant science?” are presented. The topics “(In)surmountable hurdles for Citizen Scientists in reaction engineering?” and “Circular Economy in reaction engineering with/for society?” were discussed. Therefrom, a variety of ideas and suggestions were extracted.     

生物质基喷气燃料的生产及应用进展

生物质基喷气燃料是指全部或大部分来源于生物资源的喷气燃料，符合清洁低碳、安全高效的现代能源体系的要求。以生物质基喷气燃料替代传统石油基喷气燃料有助于我国早日实现“碳达峰、碳中和”的远大目标。在阐述生物质基喷气燃料生产工艺的发展历程及生物质基喷气燃料应用现状的基础上，提出高密度的生物质基喷气燃料是未来喷气燃料的发展方向，具有多环结构的生物质是合成高密度生物质基喷气燃料组分的优质原料；同时，总结了高密度生物质基喷气燃料组分生产工艺的研究进展，展望了生物质基喷气燃料未来的发展及挑战。     

新发展阶段中国水资源安全保障战略对策

进入新发展阶段，中国水资源安全保障需要以“节水优先、空间均衡、系统治理、两手发力”治水思路为指导，厘清问题、研判趋势、优化对策，支撑新阶段水利高质量发展。本文在全面分析我国水资源安全保障存在的突出问题与面临形势基础上，阐述了新发展阶段中国水资源安全保障的基本思路与战略路径，从保证资源安全、构建国家水网、强化供水保障、建设美丽河湖、改善水环境质量等方面提出了战略对策和需要进一步回答的重大问题，以期为完善新发展阶段中国水资源安全保障战略，全面提高国家水资源安全保障能力提供有力支撑。     

Taxonomy of digital community currency platforms*

ABSTRACT

Community currencies are used to pay for products or services within specific groups defined by geographical boundaries or specific common interests. Financial crises, social emergence in developing countries, and increased access to digital devices have stimulated a growing number of communities worldwide to develop digital currency projects. These projects use technologies ranging from traditional plastic cards to mobile phones and blockchain technologies. Following the design science research approach, this paper analyzes digital community currencies (DCCs) by developing a taxonomy based on platform architecture, governance, transactionality and virtuality. By investigating 22 DCC platforms around the world, 4 groups were distinguished: local, proprietary, commons and cyber. The identification of these four different groups of digital community currencies allows us to better discuss the potentials and limitations of each one of them. The presented taxonomy can be useful to researchers and practitioners both to explain and to design DCC platforms. Discussing each of the emerging categories from the proposed taxonomy helps us to provide insights into DCCs, offering a new theoretical frame for investigating the particular case of digital payment platforms.     

Prediction methods and applications in the science of science: A survey

Science of science has become a popular topic that attracts great attentions from the research community. The development of data analytics technologies and the readily available scholarly data enable the exploration of data-driven prediction, which plays a pivotal role in finding the trend of scientific impact. In this paper, we analyse methods and applications in data-driven prediction in the science of science, and discuss their significance. First, we introduce the background and review the current state of the science of science. Second, we review data-driven prediction based on paper citation count, and investigate research issues in this area. Then, we discuss methods to predict scholar impact, and we analyse different approaches to promote the scholarly collaboration in the collaboration network. This paper also discusses open issues and existing challenges, and suggests potential research directions.     

Misconceptions of human factors concepts

Abstract

Like many scientific topics, Human Factors, and Ergonomics concepts are susceptible to being misunderstood by people unfamiliar with the subject matter. Most of the time these misunderstandings are harmless, like when a safety poster within a work setting encourages employees to 'overcome complacency'. This misunderstanding of complacency suggests it is a motivational aspect of human behaviour correctable with encouragement, whereas the human factors approach to overcoming complacency would be to evaluate how task design could diminish the destructive consequences of unexpected changes within a routine setting. No harm comes from the message within the safety poster, other than some wasted ink and paper, but misconceptions among particular audiences can eventually result in dire consequences for the human operator. This paper presents recent evidence that the concepts are being misapplied by casual consumers of human factors, particularly in the aftermath of accidents within complex systems, in ways detrimental to the core mission of improving the well-being of the human operator. Later, because this special issue presents new ways to demonstrate value via return on investment, practical efforts we can take to overcome such misconceptions are suggested.     

分子生物技术在果汁鉴伪中应用的研究现状

为探究传统发酵牦牛酸奶及奶酪中细菌群落结构的多样性，采用Illumina Miseq高通量测序对西藏林芝传统自然发酵牦牛酸奶（sn）和酪乳（nl）样品进行细菌群落结构分析。结果表明，酪乳和酸奶样品总计测得有效序列条数分别为（58 455±1 145）条和（57 068±1 263）条，共产生（63±2）个和（25±3）个操作分类单元（OTUs）。酪乳样品的α多样性指较高，具有较高的细菌群落多样性；酸奶和酪乳样品细菌的优势细菌门均为厚壁菌门（Firmicutes），其相对丰度分别为（99.80±3.47）%和（50.76±2.13）%；酸奶样品的优势菌属为乳杆菌属（Lactobacillus）（相对丰度为（74.32±1.23）%），酪乳样品的优势属为乳球菌属（Lactococcus）（相对丰度为（48.44±2.13）%）；酸奶和酪乳样品在属水平的热图分析表明两个样品的细菌群落结构具有差异性和相似性。     

无轨辅助运输现状及发展前景

随着现代化矿井的高产高效,井下无轨辅助运输以载重大、速度快、运输灵活等优势替代了有轨辅助运输。经过多年的发展,无轨辅助设备种类多,功能全,适应于井下各种运输需要。但在发展的同时,无轨辅助运输也存在很多不足之处。针对此现状,从设备智能化、自动化和市场规模扩大化的角度阐述了无轨辅助运输的远大发展前景,对无轨辅助运输行业的发展具有一定的借鉴作用。     

PVC地板行业研究现状及发展趋势

概述了国内外PVC地板行业的生产及应用现状,比较了几种地板材料的优缺点,介绍了PVC地板生产技术的研究进展情况,分析了国内PVC地板行业的发展趋势。