基于ESU图的活动社交网络用户参加活动推荐

活动社交网络(EBSNs)为用户提供了方便的组织、参加和分享社交活动的平台。该文面向EBSNs活动推荐问题,提出了包含活动(Event)、主办方(Sponsor)和用户(User)的ESU图模型,深入揭示了EBSNs的实体及其社交关系。因为用户参加活动受多个因素影响,我们提出了基于ESU图的活动推荐多因素决策模型,包括社交影响力、活动内容、活动地点及活动时间。根据ESU图特点,提出了基于双向重启随机游走算法BD-RWR的实体重要度计算方法。选取真实的EBSNs平台—豆瓣同城验证所提方法的有效性。实验结果表明,该文提出的ESU图模型及融合了多因素的活动推荐模型,与已有最新方法相比,有效地提升了用户参加活动的推荐效果。     

Apparent power-law distributions in animal movements can arise from intraspecific interactions

Lévy flights have gained prominence for analysis of animal movement. In a Lévy flight, step-lengths are drawn from a heavy-tailed distribution such as a power law (PL), and a large number of empirical demonstrations have been published. Others, however, have suggested that animal movement is ill fit by PL distributions or contend a state-switching process better explains apparent Lévy flight movement patterns. We used a mix of direct behavioural observations and GPS tracking to understand step-length patterns in females of two related butterflies. We initially found movement in one species (Euphydryas editha taylori) was best fit by a bounded PL, evidence of a Lévy flight, while the other (Euphydryas phaeton) was best fit by an exponential distribution. Subsequent analyses introduced additional candidate models and used behavioural observations to sort steps based on intraspecific interactions (interactions were rare in E. phaeton but common in E. e. taylori). These analyses showed a mixed-exponential is favoured over the bounded PL for E. e. taylori and that when step-lengths were sorted into states based on the influence of harassing conspecific males, both states were best fit by simple exponential distributions. The direct behavioural observations allowed us to infer the underlying behavioural mechanism is a state-switching process driven by intraspecific interactions rather than a Lévy flight.     

Colourful questions of an Indian village

How we understand and recall colour in the environments we encounter is reliant on the context. Drawing on a repeated experience of the author in a rural Indian village, a number of questions were raised regarding visual distinctiveness and its impact on the identity of place embedded in the memories of the village. A photographic walk‐through was undertaken to determine the existing colour palette and its relationship to the character of the memories of the village. Combined with observations and theory drawn from the literature, it is proposed that considering the experience from a pluralist perspective enables insights to emerge. In this case, colour moments and colour contrast are key attributes of memories and identity construction for the village visitor.     

RWO-Sampling: A random walk over-sampling approach to imbalanced data classification

This study investigates how to alleviate the class imbalance problems for constructing unbiased classifiers when instances in one class are more than that in another. Since keeping the data distribution unchanged and expanding class boundaries after synthetic samples have been added influence the classification performance greatly, we take into account the above two factors, and propose a Random Walk Over-Sampling approach (RWO-Sampling) to balancing different class samples by creating synthetic samples through randomly walking from the real data. When some conditions are satisfied, it can be proved that, both the expected average and the standard deviation of the generated samples equal to that of the original minority class data. RWO-Sampling also expands the minority class boundary after synthetic samples have been generated. In this work, we perform a broad experimental evaluation, and experimental results show that, RWO-Sampling statistically does much better than alternative methods on imbalanced data sets when implementing common baseline algorithms.     

居家环境下老年人夜间行走辅助照明研究

随着年龄增长,老年人起夜逐渐频繁,对空间的适应能力逐渐下降。为了保障老年人夜间行走安全,居家环境下的辅助照明系统亟待改善。首先通过对老年人夜间行走情况与其居住空间情况进行调研,总结辅助照明现状与夜间行走空间的基本情况。然后,基于3种空间原型与2种路径原型,依托于适老建筑实验室进行空间模拟实验研究,并对不同辅助照明的位置进行满意度评价与分析。最后,提出老年人夜间行走辅助照明位置建议,以期为适老化夜间行走辅助照明环境设计与改造提供依据,提高居家养老安全性与舒适性。     

易碎Be靶丸表面精密抛光技术与理论分析

目的建立一种新的易碎空心微球抛光机模型,并研制出该样机,用于空心Be微球的精密抛光。方法采用限位孔设计解决微球低应力夹持问题,添加不同数量的配重球,用于调整待抛球的滑动摩擦力大小和防止其飞出限位孔。上下盘偏心放置,实现微球无规运动。采用白光干涉仪分析抛光后Be微球的表面粗糙度。结果抛光机模型计算表明,待抛球一直在做周期性的变速和变加速运动,其周期大小由上盘转动频率决定,变加速运动增加了微球的滑动摩擦成分,有利于提高微球抛光效率。此外,待抛球表面抛光轨迹呈现无规行走,这有利于抛光的均匀性。使用该原理抛光机,在24 h内能够将直径1.2 mm、均方根表面粗糙度510 nm的易碎铍(Be)靶丸抛光至85 nm。结论理论和实验共同验证了易碎微球抛光机模型的合理性和可行性,上下盘放置方式、限位孔大小设计和配重球数量等关系着易碎微球的抛光均匀性和抛光效率。     

城市雨林——声音、行走、聆听的身体 策略

听觉与行走是人类最基础的生存技术，也是感知外部环境的方法与途径。从20世纪开始，随着艺术、文学、声响生态学、城市地理学、声音人类学和媒介研究等领域对声音、听觉、行走的持续关注与研究，听觉与行走逐渐发生连接。假借“城市雨林”这一意象，通过对3个声音行走作品与笔者经验的比较，剖析声音行走与聆听行走之间的差异，提出从“声音导向”向“听觉导向”的研究转向。尝试剖析声音、行走、聆听在城市的语境之中如何生成全新的连接，如何赋予身体与意识以全新情境，进一步思考在此种听觉情境中个体在现代城市景观中的可能性。     

精细搜索策略应用于质量交换网络综合

质量交换网络是化工过程系统的重要组成部分,其优化设计对降低污染排放具有重要意义。采用启发式算法优化质量交换网络时,存在难以兼顾全局搜索和局部搜索的问题。通过分析不同精度优化参数下的优化结果,揭示了该问题的成因,并提出一种精细搜索策略用于基础算法所得结构的深度优化。该策略包含两种方法,方法1采用具有个体回代与分化的高精度强制进化随机游走算法,可保留个体结构变异能力;方法2采用确定性方法依次对多维目标函数中的每个变量进行一维搜索,具有精度高收敛快的优点。将该策略应用于焦炉气脱硫和空气除氨算例,得到的结果分别为407308 USD·a^-1和127807 USD·a^-1,经济性优于现有文献中的结果,验证了本策略的有效性。     

浅谈步行街(区)的规划设计

文章主要阐述了城市步行街(区)在城市生活中的意义,概述了城市步行街(区)设计的原则。     

一种对三维芯片中硅通孔进行完整建模与寄生参数提取的有效方法

针对三维芯片中硅通孔（through-silicon via, TSV）的准确电学建模问题,本文提出了一种电阻电容（RC）电路模型以及相应的有效参数提取技术。该电路模型同时考虑了半导体效应与静电场影响,适合于低频与中频的电路信号范围。该方法采用一种基于悬浮随机行走（floating random walk, FRW）算法的静电场电容提取技术,然后将它与刻画半导体效应的MOS电容结合,形成等效电路模型。与Synopsys公司软件Sdevice所采用的对静电场/半导体效应进行完整仿真的方法相比,本文方法计算效率更高,并且也能处理一般的TSV电路版图。对多个含TSV的结构进行了计算实验,结果验证了本文方法在从10KHz到1GHz频率范围内的建模准确性,也显示出它相比Sdevice方法最多有47倍的加速比。