Sequential batch reactor for eucalypt kraft pulp effluent treatment with Trametes versicolor

BACKGROUND: A sequential batch reactor (SBR) was used for eucalypt kraft pulp effluent treatment with Trametes versicolor. A 2³ full factorial design and response surface methodology were applied to optimise the batch fermentation conditions. Effluent concentration, culture medium and inoculum age were the factors selected for this study in order to optimise the reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD). RESULTS: The presence of Trametes Defined Medium (TDM) in the fermentation was required to obtain a significant COD reduction. Experiments in the batch reactor confirmed, in general, the predicted results of optimisation developed from Erlenmeyer batch assays. The T. versicolor culture remained active during 42 days of study in the SBR, providing approximately 80% of COD reduction. CONCLUSION: Trametes versicolor may be considered as very promising for the biological treatment of effluents from kraft pulp mills in an SBR system instead of the activated sludge mixed cultures traditionally used. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

Aerobic degradation by white‐rot fungi of trichloroethylene (TCE) and mixtures of TCE and perchloroethylene (PCE)

BACKGROUND: Trichloroethylene (TCE) and perchloroethylene (PCE) are considered among the most important groundwater pollutants around the world. These compounds are usually found together in polluted environments but little is known about the ability of microorganisms to simultaneously degrade TCE and PCE. RESULTS: Data showed that several species of white‐rot fungi, including Trametes versicolor, Ganoderma lucidum, and Irpex lacteus, degrade substantial levels of TCE in pure culture. T. versicolor was chosen for further study since it degraded higher levels of TCE than the other organisms. Initial glucose concentration and reoxygenation of samples increased the amount of TCE dechlorination, but no significant difference in percentage TCE degradation was observed. T. versicolor was able to degrade 34.1 and 47.7% of PCE and TCE added as mixtures (containing 5 and 10 mg L⁻¹, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The degradation ability of TCE was extended to other species of white‐rot fungi. Percentage degradation as well as chloride release from mixtures of TCE and PCE showed that T. versicolor degrades mixtures of TCE and PCE almost as well as its ability to degrade individually added TCE or PCE. The results suggest the potential promise of T. versicolor for bioremediation of TCE and PCE in the environment. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

杂色云芝漆酶的分离、纯化和酶学特性研究

杂色云芝发酵液,经超滤、DEAE-Sephadex A250柱层析两步分离、纯化出两型漆酶。以愈创木酚与酶带在适当条件下反应呈棕红色谱带鉴定出漆酶谱带。两型漆酶分别命名为LacA和LacB。经测定两漆酶亚基的分子量分别为66.0kDa和30.7kDa;等电点pI分别为4.79和5.18;LacA的最适作用温度是40℃,LacB为50℃;保温2h, LacA的半失活温度为60℃,LacB为90℃;LacA和LacB催化愈创木酚的酶活最适pH值均为4.0; 二者的稳定pH值也都在2.5~5.5之间。LacA催化氧化愈创木酚的Km和Vmax分别为286.5molL-1和292.4nmol mL-1 min-1;LacB催化氧化愈创木酚的Km和Vmax分别为813.0mol L-1和127.4nmol mL-1 min-1。     

真菌多糖对鼠李糖乳杆菌体外增殖的影响

通过液体发酵提取曲霉HGY8和云芝胞内胞外多糖,脱蛋白,制成一定浓度溶液。选用MRS培养基,采取试管法,试验曲霉和云芝多糖对鼠李糖乳杆菌增殖的影响,并将其应用于鼠李糖乳杆菌发酵乳的研究中。结果表明:0.5%、1%的曲霉和云芝多糖对鼠李糖乳杆菌体外增殖均有极显著的效果(P<0.05)。不同浓度相比之下,2%的曲霉多糖和1%的云芝多糖更能提高鼠李糖乳杆菌的活性,缩短凝乳时间。初步显示,曲霉和云芝多糖中含促生长因子。     

固定化白腐菌产漆酶培养条件的研究

采用三种固定杂色云芝菌的方法，对杂色云芝菌在固定化的培养条件下的产漆酶条件进行了研究．实验结果表明；漆酶产量高的碳源是葡萄糖，氮源是氯化铵，pH值为3．6，表面活性剂、诱导荆对漆酶的活性影响不大；漆酶产量高的是海藻酸钙-聚乙烯醇双载体固定化法，载体系统内的酶活比系统外的高．     

Decrease of the chlorogenic acid content in commercial sunflower meal using a polyphenol oxidase preparation secreted by the white‐rot fungus Trametes versicolor ATCC 42530

BACKGROUND: Sunflower meal (SFM) is a by‐product from the oil extraction process from sunflower seeds. The meal is used as a protein supplement in the livestock diet. However, relatively high levels of polyphenols, among which chlorogenic (CGA) and caffeic acids are in larger amounts, in the meal compromises its use for animal feed and human consumption. The aim of this work was to investigate an enzymatic process for upgrading the quality of SFM by decreasing its CGA content using an enzyme preparation from the white‐rot fungus Trametes versicolor. RESULTS: The effects of pH, temperature, enzyme and meal concentrations, and mass transfer on the decrease of the CGA content in SFM were investigated. It was found that: (1) the optimum pH and temperature were 3.4 and 45 °C, respectively. (2) The system was saturated with the enzyme when its concentration was 5 nkat/mL of liquid phase; (3) the agitation speed of the system influenced the extraction of CGA from the meal; and (4) the conversion of CGA in the SFM system increased in the presence of larger volumes of liquid phase. CONCLUSIONS: The enzyme preparation used in the experiments is able to decrease successfully the CGA content in SFM. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry     

高活性漆酶产生菌的发酵条件优化

对云芝菌产漆酶的发酵条件进行优化,考察C源、N源和诱导剂等因素对产酶的影响.结果表明:杂色云芝菌摇瓶产漆酶的最佳条件为葡萄糖1.25 g/L,羧甲基纤维素钠15 g/L,酵母膏15 g/L,KH2PO41 g/L,CaCl20.05 g/L,MgSO40.25 g/L,30℃、150 r/m条件下振荡培养,在72 h加入2 mmol/L 2,5-二甲基苯胺作为诱导剂,在96 h加入2 mmol/L Cu2+,经过7 d培养,菌的漆酶比活达到3 319.2 U/mL.     

毛云芝菌漆酶的分离纯化和性质研究

将发酵液经真空抽滤后得粗酶液,以硫酸铵为盐析剂进行分级盐析沉淀、再经DEAE-52离子交换层析和Sephadex G-75凝胶过滤层析对漆酶进行分离纯化,用SDS-PAGE证明可获得纯的漆酶,纯化倍数为183.69倍,酶活回收率为24.77%。实验表明,该酶在30℃条件下具有较高的稳定性;在pH3.4～5.8范围内的相对酶活均在80%以上,漆酶稳定性较好,pH3.8的时候漆酶的稳定性最好。     

云芝多糖提取工艺的优化及其性能研究

采用超声波提取法,选取溶剂、超声时间、温度、pH作为提取因素,进行单因素实验和L9(34)正交实验,来优化云芝多糖的提取工艺,探讨在常见食品添加剂、常见饮料、一些重金属离子等存在下对云芝多糖稳定性的影响,并对云芝多糖进行了体外抗氧化活性研究。结果表明,云芝多糖的最佳提取条件为以2%的Na2CO3溶液为提取介质,温度45℃,pH为8.5,超声时间50 min,提取率可高达13.87%,云芝多糖在常见食品添加剂、碳酸饮料、苏打水等介质中稳定性较好,云芝多糖对羟基自由基具有较好清除能力,云芝多糖有良好的开发应用价值。     

Biovalorization of brewers’ spent grain for the production of laccase and polyphenols

Brewers’ spent grain (BSG) is the main solid by‐product of the brewing process and is typically disposed of as cattle feed. In this study, BSG was evaluated as a substrate for the production of polyphenols and the lignin‐degrading enzyme laccase using fungal solid‐state fermentation by Trametes versicolor. Laccases are finding increasing applications in the food industry and polyphenols have benefits for human health. After 14 days of fermentation with T. versicolor, there was a 3.4‐fold increase in the extraction of total polyphenols compared with untreated BSG. Using BSG as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen, maximum laccase activity was achieved after seven days of treatment with an activity of 560 U/L. Based on these results, BSG is suggested to be a good lignocellulose waste material to produce value‐added products such as the enzyme laccase and polyphenols. Copyright © 2018 The Institute of Brewing & Distilling