基于TRNSYS的茯砖茶生产工艺能源系统节能环保特性研究

茯砖茶发酵、干燥过程中，烘房内温湿度稳定性和能源系统低能耗是保证茯砖茶品质与成本的重要因素。本文采用TRNSYS仿真与实验研究相结合的方法，对咸阳某茯砖茶厂实际使用的空气源热泵系统进行建模，通过研究各季节典型代表月烘房温湿度的波动情况，确定该空气源热泵系统在全年的运行状态是否满足工艺要求，在此基础上，对比了该系统在全年可运行季节代表月与该生产厂房早期使用的燃气锅炉系统的能耗仿真结果，对空气源热泵系统的节能与环保特性进行研究。结果表明：由于夏季送风质量流量过大且室外空气含湿量较高，7月烘房温湿度不满足工艺要求。热泵系统在1、4、10月的总标煤消耗量的平均值是锅炉系统的44.42%，平均CO2、SO2、NOx排放量分别为锅炉系统的34.13%、44.1%、40.60%。在茯砖茶发酵、干燥的过程中，相比于燃气锅炉系统，空气源热泵系统具有更好的节能与环保特性。     

Antioxidant Activities of Free and Liposome-Encapsulated Green tea extracts on canola oil oxidation stability

In the present study, green tea extract was encapsulated in liposomes based on the Mozafari method (with no organic solvents) and characterized for its physicochemical properties (encapsulation efficiency, particle size, and Z-potential). Encapsulation efficiency, particles size, and Z-potential were determined to be 51.34, 419 nm, and -57 mV, respectively. Total polyphenol content of the green tea by Folin-Ciocalteu's phenol reagent was measured as 164.2 mg gallic acid/g extract. Free radical scavenging activities of free and liposomal extracts were 90.6 and 93.4%, respectively, using the DPPH method. Antioxidant activity of the ethanolic extract of green tea in free and liposomal forms with concentrations of 200, 600, and 1000 mg L⁻¹ were assessed on oxidative stability of the canola oil at 60 °C for 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, and 32 days. Results were compared to results of synthetic antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene at 200 mg L⁻¹. To assess antioxidant activity on canola oil stability, peroxide, thiobarbitoric acid, and anisidine values were assessed as well as the total oxidation value and rancimat test. Results showed that the liposomal green tea extract was more effective than the free extract. Furthermore, a 600 mg L⁻¹ concentration of the green tea extract showed a significant antioxidant activity, compared to other extract concentrations. Increasing storage time and various concentrations of the ethanolic green tea extracts included significant effects on canola oil stability (P ≤ 0.05). Results demonstrated that the green tea extract could be used as an effective antioxidant. Free and liposomal extract (at 600 mg L⁻¹) resulted in stronger functionality than the synthetic antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene.     

The impact of heat-treatment protocol on the grain size and ionic conductivity of NASICON glass-ceramics

Na₂AlTi(PO₄)₃ (NATP) and Na_1.8Al_0.8Ge_1.2(PO₄)₃ (NAGP) NASICON (Na-Superionic Conductor) glass-ceramics are obtained by applying different single (SHT) and double (DHT) heat treatments on the respective precursor glass to evaluate its effect on the microstructure and in turn, on the total ionic conductivity. The grain and grain boundary contributions are also analyzed in the NATP composition. SHT with longer crystallization times favors the development of well-defined grains in both compositions and also promotes the grain growth in NAGP samples. This behavior causes a decrease in the activation energy of the grain boundary, which enhances the total ionic conductivity. Regarding DHT samples, microstructure with larger grains and higher ionic conductivity were obtained with shorter nucleation times for NATP and NAGP compositions. Finally, the microstructural variation generated by the different thermal treatments causes the total conductivity to increase up to two times.     

Rebranding Terroir: Ethnoecology and Tea Agro-Ecosystem Management in Response to Increased Market Integration in Southern Yunnan,China

Prompted by increased domestic and transnational demand for Pu’er tea, an emergence of agroecosystem intensification in Southern Yunnan, China has resulted in various agro-ecosystems including tea forests, mixed crop systems, and monocultural terrace tea gardens, in the tea production system. Plants of Camellia sinensis assamica often grow as trees in forests whilst C. sinensis sinensis grow as shrubs in terrace tea gardens. Inspired by the wine industry, the concept „Terroir” acts as a framework that analyzes both environmental and human factors yielding var ying botanic profiles, and hence quantifies values created by the cultivation process. The approach allows economic opportunities of place-based tea products to be driven by the origin in lieu of extrinsic qualities, which has resulted in to the fabricated reputation of terroir. In response to a common gap in terms of botanical and cultural values between tea cultivation and marketing trends, this artic le investigates an alternative scenario in which tea production and promotion model could minimize its environmental impacts and utilize its economic weight to advance land conservation efforts specific to cultural complexity at community scales.     

GC-ECD法测定都匀毛尖茶中有机氯及拟除虫菊酯类农药残留

建立了气相色谱电子捕获器检测都匀毛尖茶中的有机氯和农药残留,使用RTX-1（30 m×0.25 mm×0.25μm）毛细管柱及固相萃取柱佛罗里稀土层析柱（ SPE）,方法回收率94.69%~103.90%,用此方法测定都匀毛尖茶中的农残,本方法具有溶剂使用量少、净化效果好、操作简便、快速、灵敏、准确、可靠等特点。     

禅宗思想影响下的古今日本建筑庭园空间

中国佛教传入日本,对日本文化产生了巨大的影响。在佛教众多派别中,其中影响日本造园最深远的是禅宗思想。文章通过分析禅宗思想对日本古代庭园——枯山水园和茶庭的影响以及该思想在日本当代建筑中的延续,试图揭示出日本庭园建筑的精神源泉。     

地震作用下多层砖混结构TMD控制及其应用研究

在结构地震反应时程分析基础上,对地震作用下多层砖混结构TMD控制优化设计方法进行了初步探讨;给出了地震作用下多层砖混结构TMD控制优化设计步骤。并用算例验证了该设计方法用于地震反应控制的可行性。     

底部框架砌体房屋抗震设计中的几个问题

本文基于底部框架砌体房屋结构易损性分析 ,并结合以往的震害资料及设计实践 ,就这类结构抗震设计中的几个问题进行了研究 ,给出了一些看法和建议 ,供参考     

Cement composites with limestone dust and different grades of wood sawdust

This paper presents a parametric experimental study which investigates the potential use of limestone powder wastes (LPW) and wood sawdust wastes (WSW) combination for producing a lightweight composite as a building material. Some of the physical and mechanical properties of brick materials having various levels of LPW and WSW with different particle sizes are investigated. The obtained compressive strength, flexural strength, unit weight, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) and water absorption values satisfy the relevant international standards. The results show the effect of high level replacement of WSW with LPW does not exhibit a sudden brittle fracture even beyond the failure loads, indicates high energy absorption capacity, reduce the unit weight dramatically and introduce a smoother surface compared to the current bricks in the market. It shows a potential to be used for walls, wooden board substitute, alternative to the concrete blocks, ceiling panels, sound barrier panels, absorption materials, etc. Recycling of unmanaged WSW and LPW as new brick material supplements appears to be viable solution not only to the environmental problem but also to the problem of the economic design of buildings.     

组合砖墙在垂直荷载作用下的受力分析

本文针对目前在砖墙结构中常采用构造柱和圈梁而形成的一种共同受力结构提出了一种力学概念明确的力学模型，并对本文导出的公式和现有基于试验总结出的经验公式进行比较（１），结果表明，用两种方法计统的结果具有较好的一致性。