离子交换水软化技术研究与应用进展

离子交换法是目前最常见的水软化技术之一，其基于可逆的离子交换反应将溶液中的硬度离子选择性去除，属于典型的特种分离过程。本文介绍并总结了离子交换水软化的基本原理、水软化用离子交换树脂的结构和分类、离子交换水软化技术研究和应用，并针对离子交换水软化存在的问题提出了相应的解决思路。     

A small-scale silica gel-water adsorption system for domestic air conditioning and water heating by the recovery of solar energy

A small-scale silica gel-water adsorption system with modular adsorber, which utilizes solar energy to achieve the cogeneration of domestic air conditioning and water heating effect, is proposed and investigated in this paper. A heat recovery process between two adsorbers and a mass recovery process between two evaporators are adopted to improve the overall cooling and heating performance. First, the adsorption system is tested under different modes (different mass recovery, heat recovery, and cogeneration time) to determine the optimal operating conditions. Then, the cogeneration performance of domestic cooling and water heating effect is studied at different heat transfer fluid temperatures. The results show that the optimal time for cogeneration, mass recovery, and heat recovery are 600 s, 40 s, and 40 s, respectively. When the inlet temperature of hot water is around 85°C, the largest cooling power and heating power are 8.25 kW and 21.94 kW, respectively. Under the condition of cooling water temperature of 35°C, the obtained maximum COP_c, COP_h, and SCP of the system are 0.59, 1.39, and 184.5 W/kg, respectively.     

填料生物转盘对农村家庭生活污水的处理

根据目前我国农村生活污水处理的现状以及农村家庭污水水量、水质的特点,提出了一种家庭生活污水处理装置-填料生物转盘。该装置采用生物膜法工艺,结合生物转盘与生物滤池工艺的特点,运用设备一体化的设计理念,设计了一种运行管理简单、结构紧凑的一体化装置。通过实际运行考察了装置用于农村家庭生活污水处理的挂膜启动情况,以及污染物的去除效果。结果表明:填料生物转盘生物膜的驯化培养需要20天的时间,稳定运行期间对COD、NH4+-N、TN、TP的平均去除率分别稳定在75%、85%、65%和75%以上,出水COD、NH4+-N、TN优于城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准(GB 18918-2002)一级A标准,出水TP达到一级B标准。装置运行管理操作简单,不需要专业技术人员,适合农村家庭污水的处理。     

Review of the phase change material (PCM) usage for solar domestic water heating systems (SDWHS)

The shortage in energy resources combined with the climb in greenhouse emissions is the main incentive beyond the deployment of solar energy resource in various applications. One of the most successful applications is the utilization of solar energy in the domestic water heating systems (DWHS) because 70% of the consumed energy in the residential segment is utilized for space heating and appliances in cold climates 1 . However, the full deployment of solar energy in domestic water heating is only possible when an energy storage system with acceptable price is available. Recently a new tendency for deploying phase change materials (PCMs) as an energy storage system is introduced in several solar DWHS. These systems are known as integrated PCM in solar DWHS and offer several advantages including high storage capacity, low storage volume, and isothermal operation during the charging and discharging phases. The present study reviews various techniques utilized for integrating the PCM in solar water heating systems and the utilized methods for enhancing the heat transfer characteristics of the PCM through the usage of extended surfaces and high conductive additives. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Reducing the power consumption of household refrigerators through the integration of latent heat storage elements in wire-and-tube condensers

This study evaluates the influence of latent heat storage elements on the condenser temperature of a commercial household refrigerator. In order to determine the power consumption and the temperature distribution, a standard wire-and-tube condenser is equipped with different heat storage elements (containing water, paraffin or copolymer compound). The results indicate that particularly the application of phase change materials (PCM) lowers the condenser temperature, which leads to a significantly reduced power consumption.     

生活垃圾焚烧烟气脱硝超低排放技术经济比较

介绍了生活垃圾焚烧烟气成分及特点,针对垃圾焚烧烟气温度偏低及二噁英类、重金属、HCl、Hg、H2O等杂质含量偏高、SO2浓度低等特点,提出垃圾焚烧烟气脱硝超低排放的4种技术方案,并进行技术经济比较。分析结果表明:固体脱硝剂SNCR脱硝技术投资及运行成本最低,脱硝效率可达90%以上,是一种生活垃圾焚烧烟气处理优选的脱硝技术。     

钼冶炼厂生活污水和工业废水零排放实践

介绍了某钼冶炼厂废水处理系统的改造实践情况。通过采用AO脱氮技术的地埋式一体化装置代替原有的两级生化曝气池等改造,处理后的生活污水出水COD在50 mg/L以下,氨氮质量浓度在15 mg/L以下,可全部回用于厂区作为绿化及道路清扫等用水;通过增加两级曝气池、pH调节池和溢流水槽对工业废水进行处理后,生产废水出水清澈透明,无杂色,满足GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》一级标准要求,可达标排放或回用,实现了废水的循环利用和零排放,节约了水资源。     

Effect of expander shape on cooling characteristics by using a model pulse tube refrigerator

Pulse tube refrigerators do not have moving parts in the cold section, and they have low vibration, high reliability, and long life. The expander in refrigerators typically has an inverted U or coaxial shape because this attains a wider absorber area, lower height, and compactness. However, the performance of a Stirling-type pulse tube refrigerator is inferior to that of a Stirling refrigerator. Cooling characteristics of the pulse tube refrigerator greatly depend on the shape of the expander. In this study, an inertance-type refrigerator, which uses ambient air for the working gas, was developed to examine the effect of expander shape. This refrigerator model with changeable expander operated with a Stirling cycle, and it was composed of a reciprocating compressor, after-cooler, regenerator, absorber, pulse tube, hot-end, and inertance tube with reservoir. The following expander shapes were tested: in-line, L shape, L-L shape, and coaxial shape. The effect of expander shape on cooling capacity was examined experimentally and numerically using the model pulse tube refrigerator. The results of experiments showed that the L shape expander had the highest performance and the coaxial expander had the lowest performance. In addition, the characteristics of the gas flow in each expander were confirmed by fluid dynamics analysis.     

重庆主城区生活垃圾处理及长生桥卫生填埋场设计小结

介绍重庆市主城区生活垃圾处理方法,长生桥填埋场场址和防渗方案选择、渗滤液收集与调节系统、沼气收集系统的设计.     

灌浆帷幕防渗技术在天子岭生活垃圾卫生填埋场中的应用

介绍杭州市天子岭生活垃圾填埋场的防渗工程,评价灌浆帷幕防渗技术在填埋场的应用效果.十余年运行实践证明,采用以灌浆帷幕为主的垂直防渗措施,防止填埋场渗沥液污染下游地下水的效果明显.但由于灌浆帷幕不可能完全隔离帷幕上、下游地下水的水力联系,因此,对下游地下水可能会造成轻微污染.