Experimental performance comparison and trade-off among air-based precooling methods for postharvest apples by comprehensive multiscale thermodynamic analyses

Air-based precooling methods including room cooling and forced-air cooling were traditionally used for postharvest horticultural products. In this study, disturbed-air cooling with different layouts was proposed for the trade-off between room cooling with long cooling time and forced-air cooling with high energy consumption. Lab-scale experiments with 30 bins of postharvest apples were conducted using the aforementioned methods to measure the temperature history. Multiscale thermodynamic analyses from energy, entropy, exergy, and entransy perspectives were then performed. The time evolution of transient quantities and overall comparison of the trade-off performances were further discussed. The ventilation power and transformed heat became more significant respectively for the total energy consumption and heat load during the precooling processes. The rates of entropy generation, exergy destruction, and entransy dissipation reduced in consistent with the tendency of heat rejection from all bins. The major part of these losses was resulted by the ventilation for convective heat transfer between cold air and apples and became more significant during later stage of precooling processes. The middle-parallel disturbed-air cooling achieved the best trade-off between the lowest energy consumption for room cooling and the lowest maximum seven-eighths cooling time for forced-air cooling by respectively reaching 81.68% and 28.82% of the optimization potential. The best trade-off between the lowest thermodynamic loss for room cooling and the lowest heat transfer ability loss for forced-air cooling was also achieved by this method with around 55% to 62% optimization of the coefficients of performance, around 83% optimization of the entropy generation ratio, around 58% to 62% optimization of the exergy destruction ratio, and around 36% optimization of the entransy dissipation ratio.     

除湿机冷凝水应用技术研究

在对既有地下工程中除湿机冷凝水利用技术进行全面分析的基础上,应用全国10个典型城市的室外典型逐时气象参数,分析研究不同城市的国防地下工程中回收利用除湿机冷凝水作新风预冷的技术经济性。结果表明,在国防地下工程中进行除湿机冷凝水回收用于新风预冷的技术改造,节能潜力巨大,投资回报期都在3年之内。这对国防地下工程中除湿机冷凝水的回收利用等节能工作具有一定的指导作用和借鉴意义。     

单体球形果蔬压差预冷过程的简化数学模型及其实验验证

通过将表面蒸发、呼吸热作为内热源加入到传热数学模型中，对单体球形果蔬压差预冷过程建立数学模型，并且简化边界条件，提出一种计算预冷所需时间的简便方法。实验结果表明，这种数学模型可以较好反映箱体内果蔬的平均温度变化。     

一次回风送风再热与新风预冷互补的节能研究

对于一次回风空调系统,夏季工况,当空调区湿负荷较大时,采用露点送风只能保证设定温度,而湿度将会偏大,影响人体热舒适;若增加再热,又会出现冷热抵消现象。提出了利用室外新风热量再热来改善室内热舒适状况的方案。通过工程案例计算分析,结果表明:利用新风再热可减少再热送风系统6%~15%的能耗,认为送风再热与新风预冷互补措施能在一定程度上降低空调能耗,提高室内热舒适。     

真空预冷及不同流通方式对上海青货架品质的影响

为了探究真空预冷及不同流通方式对上海青（Brassica rapa L. ssp. chinensis）货架品质的影响,本研究以上海青为实验材料,对其进行真空预冷（以不进行预冷为对照）后在常温（（20±1）℃）或低温（（4±1）℃）条件下流通,然后进行常温（（20±1）℃）模拟货架,测定流通和货架期间上海青外观品质和叶绿素、类胡萝卜素、叶黄素、抗坏血酸、可滴定酸、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、叶酸和亚硝酸盐含量。结果表明：真空预冷可以维持上海青良好的货架品质,与常温流通相比,低温流通可以明显减缓上海青叶绿素、类胡萝卜素、叶黄素、抗坏血酸、可滴定酸、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖和叶酸含量的下降,抑制亚硝酸盐的积累。结论：真空预冷及低温流通可以更有效地保持上海青在流通和货架期间的品质,抑制亚硝酸盐的积累,从而延长货架期。     

不同预冷方式及贮藏温度对采后平菇保鲜效果的影响

为比较不同预冷方式对平菇的预冷效果和不同贮藏温度对平菇保鲜效果的影响,以PE保鲜袋包装的平菇为试验材料,分别采用真空预冷、冷风预冷、冷水预冷和碎冰预冷4种预冷方式对平菇进行预冷,比较其中心温度下降速率和失重率的变化;结果表明:冷风预冷对平菇有良好的预冷效果;与室温(18±3℃)贮藏相比,2种低温(1±0.5℃、4±0.5℃)贮藏条件均可显著提高平菇的感官分值及蛋白质含量,降低平菇失重率、呼吸强度和多酚氧化酶活性,延长平菇的保鲜期限。其中,以1±0.5℃条件下平菇的保鲜效果最佳,可比室温(18±3℃)条件下平菇保鲜期延长7d。     

对低温丙烯贮罐预冷操作的探讨

对低温丙烯罐的预冷工艺进行了较为仔细深入的研究,提出了较为科学、合理的预冷操作方法,确保了丙烯贮罐内罐基本维持每小时温降1℃.罐内任意两点温差不超过10℃的操作条件,对刚刚维修之后的低温丙烯贮罐起到了保障作用.     

Ammonia-water absorption machines for refrigeration: theoretical and real performances

In principle, absorption chillers of the ammonia-water type could work at temperatures well below the usual air-conditioning temperatures, arriving at the range 250–260 K, which can be useful for refrigeration applications. This possibility is studied for an air-cooled machine, comparing the results with the experimental data supplied by a manufacturer that recently commercialized such a refrigerator. The prediction is fair, and the study allows an insight into the internal parameters and into the possible behaviour for more severe conditions than those studied.     

空分设备氮水预冷系统改进

分析 6 0 0 0m3 /h空分设备原氮水预冷系统存在的问题及原因 ,将水循环由原制氧站大循环改为氮水预冷系统内部的自循环 ,只增加水换热器和蓄水器 ,效果明显。     

30 K脉管预冷CFD仿真研究

针对一台U型一级斯特林二级脉管混合制冷机,分析了一级冷量对二级脉管预冷对制冷机整机性能的影响。制冷机一级制冷温度为80 K,二级制冷温度为30 K,通过将一级冷指和脉管热桥连接,利用一级提供的冷量对脉管进行了预冷。通过计算流体力学(Computer Fluid Dynamics, CFD)仿真研究了脉管预冷对脉管内部温度场和速度场的影响。研究发现,对脉管进行预冷会改变脉管工作时的内部温度分布,对二级制冷能力有巨大影响。在不采用一级冷量对脉管中段进行预冷时,制冷机以二级0.7W@30 K和一级7W@80 K同时进行冷量输出,压缩机输入PV功为133 W;通过热桥将一级冷端换热器与二级脉管中段连接后,保持输入PV功为133 W,输出冷量变为二级1.2W@30K和一级6W@80K同时进行冷量输出。研究发现,U型一级斯特林二级脉管混合制冷机采用中段脉管预冷可大大提高二级的制冷能力。