Chemical durability and surface alteration of lanthanide zirconates (A2Zr2O7: A = La-Yb)

Chemical durability of lanthanide zirconates (A₂Zr₂O₇) (A = La-Yb) under near-field environments is important for evaluating their application as potential nuclear waste forms. In this work, A₂Zr₂O₇ (A = La-Yb) are synthesized by spark plasma sintering with controlled microstructure and their chemical durability are evaluated in a nitric acid solution (pH = 1). Scanning transmission electron microscopy analysis reveals an amorphous passivation film either enriched with Zr or lanthanide. The complex chemistry of the passivation films can be correlated with a transition in corrosion mechanisms from a preferential release of lanthanide in La₂Zr₂O₇ to a preferential release of Zr in Er₂Zr₂O₇ and Yb₂Zr₂O₇. These results suggest a dominant mechanism of incongruent dissolution and surface reorganization for the formation of passivation films. Strong correlations are identified between the leaching rates and cation ionic size, ionic potential, electronegativity differences between A-site cation and Zr, and bonding valence sum of oxygen, suggesting important impacts of structural and bonding characteristics in controlling chemical durability of lanthanide zirconates.     

从蚕的生命到艺术：中国古代生命观的哲学表达

中国考古出土的蚕业实物及蚕的艺术形象比较丰富,蚕的艺术形象如蚕纹、陶蚕蛹、牙雕蚕、玉石蚕、铜蚕、金蚕等,可统称为"蚕的模拟形态"。对蚕的模拟形态的功用,已有的诸多解释都有待完善。研究表明,蚕的模拟形态或艺术形象表达的功用或为饰品,或为装饰图案,或有待进一步考究。但无论哪种功用,用"蚕"这一形象都蕴含了特有的用意。通过对中国古代生命观的考察,文章认为蚕的艺术形象折射出相应的中国古代哲学生命观,即中国古人追求的死而复生、生生不息、羽化成仙、长乐无极等观念。     

Adaptive fuzzy control for nontriangular form systems with time-varying full-state constraints

This article investigates an adaptive fuzzy tracking control problem for a class of nontriangular form systems with asymmetric time-varying full state constraints. Unknown functions are approximated by the fuzzy logic systems. A domination approach is employed to tackle the nontriangular form structure. Time-varying asymmetric barrier Lyapunov functions (ABLFs) are adopted to ensure full-state constraints satisfaction. Based on the backstepping technique and time-varying ABLFs, an adaptive controller is proposed and guarantees that all the signals in the closed-loop system are ultimately bounded and the time-varying full state constraints are met. Simulation examples are presented to further demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.     

A computer aided design method for car form and its application based on shape parameters

In the early design stage, automotive modeling should both meet the requirements of aesthetics and engineering. Therefore, a vehicle CAD (computer aided design) model that can be easily adjusted by feedbacks is necessary. Based on CE-Bézier surface, this paper presents a set of algorithms for parametric segmentation and fairing surface generation in a car model. This model is defined by a simplified automotive template and relevant control points, shape parameters and segmentation parameters, which can be modified to alter the car form efficiently. With this model and the corresponding adjustment method, more than fifty various vehicle models are established in this research according to different parameters. And two methods for calculating similarity index between car models are constructed, which are suitable for brand design trend analysis and modelling design decisionmaking.     

郭庄煤业选煤厂振动筛筛选形式的优化研究

针对郭庄煤业选煤厂振动筛振动筛分方式可靠性差、筛分效率低下、物料筛分率低的难题,本文提出了三种新的振动筛分方案,对不同筛分方案的实际应用效果进行了分析。结果表明三移动一摆动的振动筛分方式对物料的综合分散度最高,稳定性好,该筛分方案已在郭庄煤业选煤厂煤炭筛分过程中得到了全面的应用。     

Study on the non-uniform contact during ELID groove grinding

This paper introduces the potential feasibility that ELID (electrolytic in-process dressing) grinding replaces superfinishing in bearing manufacturing, but ELID grinding will bring new challenges. Different regions present distinguish surface profile due to the non-uniform contact in ELID groove grinding. However, few reports explaining the non-uniform contact are available. This article explores the mechanisms of the non-uniform contact during ELID groove grinding. Experiments on the non-uniform contact between bearing raceway and grinding wheel have been carried out under different conditions. The results show that non-uniform contact exists in ELID groove grinding process and it exerts influence on the profile of the raceway surface. Non-uniform contact influences the Rsk and Rku value all the time, but it influences the Ra value occasionally. Improvement strategies of eliminating the non-uniform contact are also discussed based on the experimental study.     

Trajectory-Shaping Guidance with final speed and load factor constraints

This paper describes the design of a guidance law used for guiding a hypersonic gliding vehicle against a ground target from a near-vertical orientation with a specified final speed and a near-zero final load factor. The guidance law consists of two terms: one is Trajectory-Shaping Guidance (TSG) used for steering the vehicle to the target from the specified orientation; the other is Final-Speed-Control Scheme (FSCS) used for controlling the vehicle to perform lateral maneuver to adjust the final speed. Further, the generalized closed form solutions of TSG are obtained from a more general linearized engagement model, where the speed of the vehicle can be an arbitrary positive function of time. By analyzing these solutions, the stability domain of the guidance coefficients is obtained such that the final load factor is zero. This domain is not affected by the change rate of the speed. Thus, according to this analysis, the proposed guidance law can achieve a near zero final load factor by properly selecting the guidance coefficients in the stability domain.     

Irradiation-induced large bubble formation and grain growth in super nano-grained ceramic

In this work, 0.5TRPO•0.5Gd₂Zr₂O₇ ceramic with an average grain size of only ∼15 nm was prepared by a high pressure (5 GPa/520 °C) sintering method. Phase evolutions and microstructure changes of the as-fabricated super nano and micron-grained ceramics under a high-dose displacement damage induced by 300 keV Kr²⁺ ions were investigated. The results show that the super nano-grained ceramic has low degree of amorphization, obvious grain growth (2–3 times in grain size) and big Kr bubbles (10–68 nm) formation after irradiation. The micron-grained ceramic was severely amorphized after irradiation and many microcracks were formed parallel to its surface. The formation mechanism of Kr bubbles in the super nano-grained ceramic is on account of grain boundary diffusion and migration induced by the accumulation of the injecting Kr ions and irradiation defects. Nevertheless, microcracks formed in the micron-grained sample are caused by the accumulation of Kr atoms.     

智能变色材料在包装上的应用及设计形式研究

目的探索适用于智能变色材料在包装运用领域的理念和方法,结合智能材料从设计学层面探究智能变色包装的设计形式。方法以智能变色材料的物理属性为基础,对智能变色包装进行分类研究,并结合相关的设计实例,分析、归纳和总结智能变色包装的设计形式,为智能变色包装设计的发展和科学研究从设计学层面提供一种新的角度和研发依据。结果智能"光敏、温敏、电敏、气敏"变色材料在包装上的应用可通过颜色对比设计、颜色渐变设计、颜色变化融入图形创意这3种设计形式应用于包装安全、包装防伪、包装交互等领域。结论智能变色包装材料在实际应用过程中结合了包装设计学原理和包装的品牌诉求,采用了"科技与艺术"相结合的变色方案,设计出了符合消费审美的智能包装作品。