Psychrophilic hydrogen production from petrochemical wastewater via anaerobic sequencing batch reactor: techno-economic assessment and kinetic modelling

Independent hydrogen production from petrochemical wastewater containing mono-ethylene glycol (MEG) via anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR) was extensively assessed under psychrophilic conditions (15–25 °C). A lab-scale ASBR was operated at pH of 5.50, and different organic loading rates (OLR) of 1.00, 1.67, 2.67, and 4.00 gCOD/L/d. The hydrogen yield (HY) progressed from 134.32 ± 10.79 to 189.09 ± 22.35 mL/gMEG_initial at increasing OLR from 1.00 to 4.00 gCOD/L/d. The maximum hydrogen content of 47.44 ± 3.60% was achieved at OLR of 4.0 gCOD/L/d, while methane content remained low (17.76 ± 1.27% at OLR of 1.0 gCOD/L/d). Kinetic studies using four different mathematical models were conducted to describe the ASBR performance. Furthermore, two batch-mode experiments were performed to optimize the nitrogen supplementation as a nutrient (C/N ratio), and assess the impact of salinity (as gNaCl/L) on hydrogen production. HY substantially dropped from 62.77 ± 4.09 to 6.02 ± 0.39 mL/gMEG_initial when C/N ratio was increased from 28.5 to 114.0. Besides, the results revealed that salinity up to 10.0 gNaCl/L has a relatively low inhibitory impact on hydrogen production. Eventually, the cost/benefit analysis showed that environmental and energy recovery revenues from ASBR were optimized at OLR of 4.0 gCOD/L/d (payback period of 7.13 yrs).     

The Interplay of Modulus,Strength, and Ductility in Adhesive Design Using Biomimetic Polymer Chemistry

High‐performance adhesives require mechanical properties tuned to demands of the surroundings. A mismatch in stiffness between substrate and adhesive leads to stress concentrations and fracture when the bonding is subjected to mechanical load. Balancing material strength versus ductility, as well as considering the relationship between adhesive modulus and substrate modulus, creates stronger joints. However, a detailed understanding of how these properties interplay is lacking. Here, a biomimetic terpolymer is altered systematically to identify regions of optimal bonding. Mechanical properties of these terpolymers are tailored by controlling the amount of a methyl methacrylate stiff monomer versus a similar monomer containing flexible poly(ethylene glycol) chains. Dopamine methacrylamide, the cross‐linking monomer, is a catechol moiety analogous to 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine, a key component in the adhesive proteins of marine mussels. Bulk adhesion of this family of terpolymers is tested on metal and plastic substrates. Incorporating higher amounts of poly(ethylene glycol) into the terpolymer introduces flexibility and ductility. By taking a systematic approach to polymer design, the region in which material strength and ductility are balanced in relation to the substrate modulus is found, thereby yielding the most robust joints.     

Effect of hyperbranched poly(citric polyethylene glycol) with various polyethylene glycol chain lengths on starch plasticization and retrogradation

A series of hyperbranched poly(citric polyethylene glycol) (PCPEG) materials with varied polyethylene glycol (PEG) chain lengths as plasticizers were mixed with maize starch (MS) via cooking and film‐forming. The structure, pasting property, plasticization, aging property, moisture absorption and compatibility of plasticized starches were studied by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, rapid viscosity analysis, tension testing, moisture absorption measurements and scanning electron microscopy. Compared with PEG and citric acid, PCPEG was more effective in promoting starch chain movement and inhibiting the retrogradation of starch film. Also, PCPEG/MS had smaller moisture content. The longer the plasticizer chain, the better were the aging resistance and moisture resistance of starch. But with an increase of PEG chain length, mechanical properties of PCPEG/MS deteriorated and the compatibility between PCPEG and MS decreased. The hyperbranched derivative of PEG with longer chain exhibited improved plasticization and compatibility with starch. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry     

Strain‐rate‐dependent mechanical properties of polypropylene separator for lithium‐ion batteries

The mechanical integrity of battery separators is critical for battery safety and durability. A comprehensive study of strain‐rate‐dependent tensile and puncture properties of a polypropylene lithium‐ion battery separator is presented here with a new model. Due to anisotropy of the polymeric membrane, tensile testing was conducted for different directions. Results showed that tensile strength and elastic modulus were increased 1000% and 500%, respectively, for different directions. It was also demonstrated that tensile strength changed 10 to 25% with strain rate (1.67 × 10^?4 to 1.67 × 10^?1 s^?1) for different directions. An equation was obtained for the first time for flow stress versus strain rate at varied tensile directions with respect to machine direction. Moreover, puncture testing was performed and it was shown that puncture strength was increased 140% with increasing strain rate from 0.25 to 250 mm min^?1. Two failure modes were also observed in puncture samples. Finally, Eyring's model was used to calculate activation enthalpy of the porous polypropylene separator. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry     

亲水性PET共混材料的制备及性能研究

以机械共混法制备亲水性聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）共混材料，并通过接触角测定仪、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)和电子万能材料试验机等对共混材料的亲水性能、热性能和力学性能等进行研究与分析。结果表明，亲水处理剂聚乙二醇（PEG）、聚丙烯酸钠（PAAS）、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）均能改善PET的亲水性能，影响PET的结晶性能，但亲水处理剂对PET的力学性能影响较小，其中PET/PEG共混材料的亲水性最优；随着PEG含量的增加，PET/PEG共混材料的亲水性先逐渐增强，当PEG含量高于5 %后，共混材料的亲水性变化很小；且PET的结晶度随着PEG的加入呈现先增大后减小的趋势。     

碘掺杂聚苯胺催化合成丁醛乙二醇缩醛

制备了碘掺杂聚苯胺催化剂,采用正交实验探讨了合成丁醛乙二醇缩醛的影响因素。结果表明,在n (丁醛)：n(乙二醇)=1：1．5,催化剂的用量为反应物料总质量的0．60%,带水剂环己烷的用量为8 mL,反应时间为1．0 h条件下,丁醛乙二醇缩醛的收率可达71．6%。     

丙纶纤维产品的开发及应用

本文详细地介绍了丙纶（聚丙烯纤维）的结构特点、性能及其新产品的开发，展现了丙纶的广阔应用领域及前景。     

载体比表面积及孔径对Nb_2O_5/α-Al_2O_3催化剂酸性及反应性能的影响

采用浸渍法制备了Nb2O5/α-A l2O3催化剂(简称催化剂)并用于环氧乙烷水合制乙二醇的反应,通过控制α-A l2O3载体中致孔剂的含量来调变载体的孔径、孔分布及比表面积;采用吡啶吸附红外光谱、氨程序升温脱附法研究了载体的比表面积及孔径对催化剂酸性及反应性能的影响。实验结果表明,产物的选择性受扩散因素及催化剂酸性的影响,而催化剂的酸量、酸密度可以通过载体的孔径及比表面积的变化加以调控。比表面积较小及孔径较大的载体对催化剂催化环氧乙烷水合制乙二醇的反应较为有利。当载体的比表面积小于0.80m2/g、孔径为4.00~8.00μm时,在反应温度160℃、反应压力1.5M Pa、n(H2O)∶n(EO)=22、液态空速25h-1的条件下,环氧乙烷的转化率大于99.8%,乙二醇的选择性超过89.9%。