Effect of LiTFSI and LiFSI on Cycling Performance of Lithium Metal Batteries Using Thermoplastic Polyurethane/Halloysite Nanotubes Solid Electrolyte

All-solid-state lithium batteries(ASSLB) are promising candidates for next-generation energy storage devices.Nevertheless,the large-scale commercial application of high energy density AS S LB with the polymer electrolyte still faces challenges.In this study,a thin solid polymer composite electrolyte(SPCE) is prepared through a facile and cost-effective strategy with an infiltration of thermoplastic polyurethane(TPU),lithium salt(LiTFSI or LiFSI),and halloysite nanotubes(HNTs) in a porous framework of polyethylene separator(PE)(TPU-HNTs-LiTFSI-PE or TPU-HNTs-LiFSI-PE).The composition,electrochemical performance,and especially the effect of anions(TFSI~-and FSI~-) on cycling performance are investigated.The results reveal that the flexible TPU-HNTs-LiTFSI-PE and TPU-HNTs-LiFSI-PE with a thickness of 34 μm exhibit wide electrochemical windows of 4.9 and 5.1 V(vs.Li+/Li) at 60℃,respectively.Reduction in FSI~-tends to form more LiF and sulfur compounds at the interface between TPU-HNTs-LiFSI-PE and Li metal anode,thus enhancing the interfacial stability.As a result,cell composed of TPU-HNTs-LiFSI-PE exhibits a smaller increase in interfacial resistance of solid electrolyte interphase(SEI) with a distinct decrease in charge-transfer resistance during cycling.Li|Li symmetric cell with TPU-HNTs-LiFSI-PE could keep its stable overpotential profile for nearly 1300 h with a low hysteresis of approximately39 mV at a current density of 0.1 mA cm~(-2),while a sudden voltage rise with internal cell impedance-surge signals was observed within 600 h for cell composed of TPU-HNTs-LiTFSI-PE.The initial capacities of NCMITPU-HNTs-LiTFSIPEILi and NCMITPU-HNTs-LiFSI-PEILi cells were 149 and 114 mAh g~(-1),with capacity retention rates of 83.52% and89.99% after 300 cycles at 0.5 C,respectively.This study provides a valuable guideline for designing flexible SPCE,which shows great application prospect in the practice of ASSLB.     

A Biologically Muscle-Inspired Polyurethane with Super-Tough,Thermal Reparable and Self-Healing Capabilities for Stretchable Electronics

Polymeric elastomers play an increasingly important role in the development of stretchable electronics. A highly demanded elastic matrix is preferred to own not only excellent mechanical properties, but also additional features like high toughness and fast self-healing. Here, a polyurethane (DA-PU) is synthesized with donor and acceptor groups alternately distributed along the main chain to achieve both intra-chain and inter-chain donor-acceptor self-assembly, which endow the polyurethane with toughness, self-healing, and, more interestingly, thermal repair, like human muscle. In detail, DA-PU exhibits an amazing mechanical performance with elongation at break of 1900% and toughness of 175.9 MJ m⁻³. Moreover, it shows remarkable anti-fatigue and anti-stress relaxation properties as manifested by cyclic tensile and stress relaxation tests, respectively. Even in case of large strain deformation or long-time stretch, it can almost completely restore to original length by thermal repair at 60 °C in 60 s. The self-healing speed of DA-PU is gradually enhanced with the increasing temperature, and can be 1.0–6.15 µm min⁻¹ from 60 to 80 °C. At last, a stretchable and self-healable capacitive sensor is constructed and evaluated to prove that DA-PU matrix can ensure the stability of electronics even after critical deformation and cut off.     

Deacetylated Cellulose Acetate/Polyurethane Composite Nanofiber Membranes with Highly Efficient Oil/Water Separation and Excellent Mechanical Properties

Nowadays, oil pollution has become more serious, which causes great threats both to the ecological environment and human life. In this study, a novel type of multifunctional deacetylated cellulose acetate/polyurethane (d-M_CA:M_TPU) composite nanofiber membranes for oil/water separation are successfully fabricated by electrospinning, which show super-amphiphilicity in air, super-hydrophilicity in oil, and oleophobicity in water. All the d-M_CA:M_TPU composite nanofiber membranes with different mass ratios can be used as water-removing, oil-removing, and emulsion separation substance only by gravity driving force. The highest separation flux for water and oil reaches up to 37 000 and 74 000 L m⁻² h⁻¹, respectively, and all the separation efficiencies are more than 99%. They have outstanding comprehensive mechanics performance, which can be controlled by simply adjusting the mass ratios. They show excellent antifouling and self-cleaning ability, endowing powerful cyclic stability and reusability. Those results show that d-M_CA:M_TPU composite nanofiber membranes have great application prospects in oil/water separation.     

道路用聚氨酯改性沥青的制备工艺探讨

结合不同改性剂掺量单因素试验,确定了采用88mm叶轮、115mm容器、圆盘锯齿式搅拌器(转速1400r/min)、175℃共混温度、改性剂掺量4.27%、单次搅拌300g的制备工艺参数。在此条件下制备的聚氨酯改性沥青具有优异的水稳定性、储存稳定性且耐老化、耐高温,拥有比普通聚合物改性沥青更高的车辙因子G*/sinδ和15℃动态模量,基本满足高模量沥青要求。     

Role of additives in fabrication of soy-based rigid polyurethane foam for structural and thermal insulation applications

Environmental concerns continue to pose the challenge to replace petroleum-based products with renewable ones completely or at least partially while maintaining comparable properties. Herein, rigid polyurethane (PU) foams were prepared using soy-based polyol for structural and thermal insulation applications. Cell size, density, thermal resistivity, and compression force deflection (CFD) values were evaluated and compared with that of petroleum-based PU foam Baydur 683. The roles of different additives, that is, catalyst, blowing agent, surfactants, and different functionalities of polyol on the properties of fabricated foam were also investigated. For this study, dibutyltin dilaurate was employed as catalyst and water as environment friendly blowing agent. Their competitive effect on density and cell size of the PU foams were evaluated. Five different silicone-based surfactants were employed to study the effect of surface tension on cell size of foam. It was also found that 5 g of surfactant per 100 g of polyol produced a foam with minimum surface tension and highest thermal resistivity (R value: 26.11 m²·K/W). However, CFD values were compromised for higher surfactant loading. Additionally, blending of 5 g of higher functionality soy-based polyol improved the CFD values to 328.19 kPa, which was comparable to that of petroleum-based foam Baydur 683.     

超细纤维合成革的染色与功能整理研究进展

为了解决超细纤维合成革在制备、染色以及功能整理等方面出现的问题,系统阐述了超细纤维合成革的发展历程以及未来超细纤维合成革的发展方向;分析了染色工艺、染色助剂、染色基布的改性对聚酰胺超细纤维合成革染色性能的影响,评述了聚酯超细纤维合成革的染色现状;总结了国内超细纤维合成革经功能整理后的附加性能,包括阻燃、防污、抗静电、抗菌、耐寒、调温等。最后指出了未来超细纤维合成革在制备方式、高性能染色以及功能化整理方面应大力发展的方向,以对企业的产品优化升级、提高产品的市场竞争力提供指导。     

线性富磷化阻燃剂在聚氨酯泡沫中的应用研究

通过界面聚合法合成了一种线性富磷化阻燃剂（LPRFR），将LPRFR与可膨胀石墨（EG）复配制备了阻燃聚氨酯泡沫（RPUF），使用红外光谱分析仪、核磁共振分析仪对阻燃剂LPRFR的化学结构进行了表征，并通过极限氧指数仪、锥形量热仪、扫描电子显微镜和红外光谱分析仪对RPUF的燃烧性能、微观形貌和化学结构进行了分析。结果表明，仅10 %（质量分数，下同）的LPRFR 与8 %EG复配后，RPUF的极限氧指数（LOI）便达到26.1 %；LPRFR和EG能大幅降低RPUF的热释放速率，并提高基体的成炭能力； LPRFR参与了燃烧过程中的成炭反应，形成了含P—O—C及P=O结构的高质量炭层，有效隔绝了氧气和热量；LPRFR是一种对于聚氨酯泡沫阻燃性能优异的新型阻燃剂。     

聚氨酯/相变蜡蓄热调温功能整理剂的制备及其在棉织物上的应用

针对传统相变微胶囊后整理法制备蓄热调温纺织品时存在制备工序繁杂、效率低等难点,开发了一种简便快捷的后整理法。选用相变蜡、聚氧乙烯辛基苯酚醚-10(OP-10)乳化剂和水性聚氨酯为主要组分,经高剪切乳化制备蓄热调温功能整理剂,利用浸轧—焙烘方式对棉织物进行整理。优化乳化剂用量、相变蜡与聚氨酯配比及焙烘温度,并测定整理后棉织物及背心的蓄热调温性能。结果表明:当OP-10质量分数为5%,相变蜡与聚氨酯的质量比为1.5∶1,焙烘温度150 ℃时,整理剂在纤维表面原位成膜形成包裹纤维的蓄热调温薄膜,从而赋予棉织物蓄热调温功能;整理后棉织物具备蓄热调温功能,由其所制作的背心具有显著的蓄热调温功能。     

聚苯乙烯/交联丙烯酸甲酯共混物的制备及其发泡性能研究

将聚苯乙烯（PS）颗粒溶解到二乙烯基苯（DVB）、丙烯酸甲酯（MA）与偶氮二异丁腈（AIBN）的混合物中，通过加热引发MA聚合，获得PS/交联PMA共混物, 采用釜压法制备了PS/交联PMA共混物泡沫。采用全自动视频光学接触角测试仪、差示扫描量热仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、动态力学分析仪对PS/交联PMA共混物的结构和性能进行了表征，并通过扫描电子显微镜对PS/交联PMA共混物泡沫的结构进行了表征。结果表明，交联PMA的引入能提高体系的成核效率，随着MA用量的增加，PS/交联PMA共混物的接触角从PS的100.5 °降至86.1 °；当MA的用量为9.6份（质量份，下同）时，PS/交联PMA共混物的泡孔尺寸主要分布在40~60 μm之间，泡孔尺寸分布明显变窄，泡孔密度达到了1.2×10⁸ 个/cm³。