Spinal Excitatory Dynorphinergic Interneurons Contribute to Burn Injury-Induced Nociception Mediated by Phosphorylated Histone 3 at Serine 10 in Rodents

The phosphorylation of serine 10 in histone 3 (p-S10H3) has recently been demonstrated to participate in spinal nociceptive processing. However, superficial dorsal horn (SDH) neurons involved in p-S10H3-mediated nociception have not been fully characterized. In the present work, we combined immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization with the retrograde labeling of projection neurons to reveal the subset of dorsal horn neurons presenting an elevated level of p-S10H3 in response to noxious heat (60 °C), causing burn injury. Projection neurons only represented a small percentage (5%) of p-S10H3-positive cells, while the greater part of them belonged to excitatory SDH interneurons. The combined immunolabeling of p-S10H3 with markers of already established interneuronal classes of the SDH revealed that the largest subset of neurons with burn injury-induced p-S10H3 expression was dynorphin immunopositive in mice. Furthermore, the majority of p-S10H3-expressing dynorphinergic neurons proved to be excitatory, as they lacked Pax-2 and showed Lmx1b-immunopositivity. Thus, we showed that neurochemically heterogeneous SDH neurons exhibit the upregulation of p-S10H3 shortly after noxious heat-induced burn injury and consequential tissue damage, and that a dedicated subset of excitatory dynorphinergic neurons is likely a key player in the development of central sensitization via the p-S10H3 mediated pathway.     

大型条状排列建筑群风压风洞试验研究

介绍了大型条状排列建筑群深圳金海湾花园外墙表面的脉动风压风洞试验结果，分析了该建筑物表面气流流动和风压分布的特点。分析表明，此类建筑群中各塔楼的风压分布相互干扰严重，风压分布具有整体性；沿长度方向迎风时。利于气流通过，正、负风压不大；沿宽度方向迎风时，迎风面积大，正、负风压较大，建筑物间形成的兜风效应和狭流效应使相关区域的风压更大。     

小尺寸宽频带脊喇叭阻抗匹配设计

本文针对脊喇叭小尺寸宽频带的特点,进行了阻抗匹配设计。首先确定了8~18GHz频段内可以单模工作的脊波导尺寸,并开展了第一次脊喇叭仿真设计。运用微分方法分析脊喇叭段的截止波长和阻抗渐变特性,找出第一次设计中低频端驻波比较大的原因,开展了第二次设计。在以上分析的基础上,综合考虑阻抗匹配和不连续面反射对驻波比的影响,通过HFSS软件进行仿真优化,最后得到了双频段内满足驻波比要求的结果。     

双层大角度倾斜轻质混凝土外隔墙施工技术研究

双层大角度倾斜轻质砼外墙,由于其构造的特殊性,传统施工方法不能同时进行双层砼浇筑,施工延续时间长,工期较难保障。本文针对双层大角度倾斜轻质砼外墙施工技术进行研究,通过设置喇叭型混凝土浇筑口,控制内外层混凝土浇筑厚度,相互平衡内外侧模压力,从而实现双层砼同时施工,不仅保证了混凝土的浇筑质量,而且缩短了工期。     

Study of progesterone and cortisol concentrations in the Italian Friesian claw

The present research was conducted to study progesterone and cortisol concentrations in the claw of cattle and to verify whether the cattle claw could be considered an efficient matrix to provide retrospective information regarding progesterone and cortisol concentrations related to pregnancy and peripartum periods. These 2 steroids are involved in hoof growth. The study was performed on 32 calves and 24 pregnant milking cows of the Holstein breed, which were clinically healthy and lacking any claw disorders. Samples of at least 0.5 cm in thickness were taken from the sole. Progesterone and cortisol concentrations were determined by RIA. The cortisol concentration in the horny shoe of calves from 0 to 30 d of age was significantly higher than the concentration at 31 to 60 and 61 to 120 d of age. Conversely, the progesterone concentration showed no statistically significant difference in relation to age. The horn progesterone concentrations recorded in the milking dairy cows at 7 mo of pregnancy showed high variability in the horizontal sections of the sole (the individual coefficient of variation ranged between 0.09 and 1.11). In 6 cows, genuine extreme values (genuine outliers) of the progesterone level were found. Moreover, significant differences existed among the progesterone concentrations of the sole's transverse sections. We detected a significant positive correlation between the weight of the horn samples after freeze-drying and their weight after hydration. The cortisol and progesterone levels in soaked horn samples were found to be significantly lower than in the same dry samples. These results show that cortisol and progesterone can be measured in the cattle claw horn. The claws of mature dairy cows could not be used as a matrix to provide a retrospective measure of cumulative hormone secretion, whereas the analysis of the calves’ claw horns showed retrospective hormonal information similar to hair samples.     

Short communication: Genetic characterization of digital cushion thickness

Dairy cow lameness is a serious animal welfare issue. It is also a significant cause of economic losses, reducing reproductive efficiency and milk production and increasing culling rates. The digital cushion is a complex structure composed mostly of adipose tissue located underneath the distal phalanx and has recently been phenotypically associated with incidence of claw horn disruption lesions (CHDL); namely, sole ulcers and white line disease. The objective of this study was to characterize digital cushion thickness genetically and to investigate its association with body condition score (BCS), locomotion score (LOCO), CHDL, and milk production. Data were collected from 1 large closely monitored commercial dairy farm located in upstate New York; 923 dairy cows were used. Before trimming, the following data were collected by a member of the research team: BCS, cow height measurement, and LOCO. Presence or not of CHDL (sole ulcer or white line disease, or both) was recorded at trimming. Immediately after the cows were hoof trimmed, they underwent digital sonographic B-mode examination for the measurement of digital cushion thickness. Factors such as parity number, stage of lactation, calving date, mature-equivalent 305-d milk yield (ME305MY), and pedigree information were obtained from the farm’s dairy management software (DairyCOMP 305; Valley Agricultural Software, Tulare, CA). Univariate animal models were used to obtain variance component estimations for each studied trait (CHDL, BCS, digital cushion thickness average, LOCO, height, and ME305MY) and a 6-variate analysis was conducted to estimate the genetic, residual, and phenotypic correlations between the studied traits. The heritability estimate of DCTA was 0.33 ± 0.09, whereas a statistically significant genetic correlation was estimated between DCTA and CHDL (−0.60 ± 0.29). Of the other genetic correlations, significant estimates were derived for BCS with LOCO (−0.49 ± 0.19) and ME305MY (−0.48 ± 0.20). Digital cushion thickness is moderately heritable and genetically strongly correlated with CHDL.     

线阵列扬声器系统的几个要点

论述了线阵列扬声器系统的定义,回顾了线阵列扬声器系统的发展历史,介绍了几种扬声器阵列如烛形线阵列、Bessel阵列等,总结归纳了线阵列扬声器系统设计的8个要点,它是对线阵列扬声器系统的基本认识和判断,供读者参考.     

一种高能脉冲天线设计分析

渐近线喇叭天线的传输模式为TEM波,因此不会产生色散,引起波形畸变,是辐射脉冲电磁波的理想天线。通过对渐近线喇叭天线组成各部分的设计与分析,介绍了一个应用于高能脉冲辐射条件下的渐近线喇叭天线的设计实例,具体描述了解决耐功率和驻波问题的方法,并进行了性能比较。测试和使用结果表明,所提方法切实可行,天线具有良好的阻抗特性和辐射特性,具有很好的实用价值。     

一种高效率的四脊喇叭馈源

以天线口径效率为目标,研究了四脊喇叭口径对馈源波束等化、波束宽度恒定和天线口径效率等性能的影响,得到了一种3∶1带宽高效率圆四脊喇叭馈源的设计。该馈源在整个频带内具有较低的电压驻波比,三个主平面的主极化方向图波束等化较好,-10d B波束宽度基本恒定,且天线口径效率达到55%以上。     

一种考虑互耦的脉冲天线阵列快速计算方法

基于有源单元方向图思想,提出了一种可用于计算脉冲天线阵列时域辐射场的快速方法.该方法在考虑单元间互耦的情况下,将大型阵列的时域辐射场计算问题转化为一个小型阵列的计算问题,大大地减少了计算量.采用文中的阵列综合方法,结合有限积分法软件,仅对一个5×5元阵列进行模拟,即可推算出大型阵列的远场方向图,其计算时间不超过全波模拟时的十分之一.计算结果与仿真软件的仿真结果吻合较好,验证了方法的正确性.