Conductor selection and economic analysis of D.R. congo–guinea ±800 kV UHVDC transmission project

Africa is embracing new opportunities featured with industrialization, urbanization and regionalization. Based on co-development of ‘Electricity, Mining, Metallurgy, Industry and Trade’ and grids interconnection proposed by Global Energy Interconnection Development and Cooperation Organization (GEIDCO), the high-quality hydropower resource of the Congo River can be exploited in large scale under the wide-range interconnected framework of African Energy Interconnection (AEI), forging a new engine for Africa economy. The transmission distance of the Congo River hydropower reaches 6,000 km at its farthest end in North Africa, which brings forth challenges to economics of proposed projects. Under this novel continental energy interconnection scheme in Africa, economics of those projects have not yet been in detail studied. This paper has implemented China’s mature engineering experiences and analytical tools of UHVDC project planning into the AEI structure, through exploring the economic behavior of ultra-long distance UHVDC projects in the scope of conductor selection in the Congo River hydropower transmission for the first time, and has provided concerned parties with a technical and analytical results of their economics comparison. This paper has chosen the D.R. Congo - Guinea ±800 kV UHVDC project as a typical example. Its preliminary system planning is introduced and three types of conductor are selected for scheme comparison. Later in this paper, the transmission loss, total investment and equivalent annual cost of the project have been calculated and analyzed. In the final part, sensitivity analysis results of the annual cost to utilization hours, transmission loss, loss tariff and construction cost has been provided     

中山陵园风景区系统分析及其格局重组与完善

在对中山陵园风景区进行系统分析的基础上，明确存在问题与价值取向，并着重就该风景区格局的重组与完善提出对策。     

刚果(金)迪库卢希铜银矿床地质特征及控矿因素

迪库卢希铜银矿床是刚果(金)卢菲利前陆的重要矿床之一。作者结合区域成矿背景,分析总结了矿区地层、构造、矿体和矿石特征及地球化学特征。该矿床的成矿过程分为4个阶段:早期成矿阶段、Cu-Pb-Zn-Fe成矿阶段、Cu-Ag成矿阶段、表生富集阶段。分析认为该矿床应为低温脉状热液型矿床,控矿因素主要体现在构造、成岩、岩性3个方面。加强对该矿床的研究将有利于指导卢菲利前陆的找矿方向。     

Recent progress and perspectives in cadmium health effects studies

Cadmium is a heavy metal, which is recently known to be hazardous to man. Cadmium workers have been observed to suffer from renal dysfunction and lung emphysema after long-term exposure to cadmium. However, since Itai-Itai disease, osteomalacia provoked in Toyama prefecture of Japan, was designated as a disease caused by cadmium in 1968, much attention has been paid to the health effects of residents in cadmium-polluted areas. The author described here recent progress and perspectives on cadmium health effect studies, cadmium analysis in biological samples; absorption, distribution and excretion of cadmium; health effects of residents in cadmium-polluted area; survey on the health status of Itai-Itai disease patients; beta 2-microglobulinuria; intestinal tract impairment and bone metabolism; effects on bone; effects on the liver; early diagnosis of cadmium effects; effects on future generations; carcinogenicity; critical concentration of cadmium; metallothionein; recommendations for future studies. One-hundred and sixty references are cited in this review.     

The effect of copper and protein on iron metabolism in rats fed a cereal diet

Weanling male white rats were fed a diet containing a commercially available breakfast cereal. In 28 days they developed a mild anemia coupled with an increased amount of iron in the liver. In parallel work, this same diet was supplemented in a factorial fashion with casein, iron, copper and zinc. The zinc had no effect. Copper supplementation increased the hemoglobin level. Casein decreased liver iron. The copper and casein, when fed together, produced results approaching normal control levels. Supplementation of the diet with additional iron did not increase the hemoglobin or hematocrit but it did further increase iron storage in the liver. It is suggested that cereal enrichment programs might do well to consider copper and protein rather than focus total attention on additional iron and zinc.     

刚果(金)MKM铜钴矿床地质特征

MYUNGA-KALUMBWE(以下简称MKM)铜钴矿区位于世界第三大铜矿带--南非赞比亚-刚果(金)矿带的北西部,是一个具有百年开采历史的老矿区。MKM矿床为大型层控型矿床,主矿体位于倒转背斜轴部,受区域浅变质作用和后期改造而富集。矿体主要赋存于加丹加岩系罗安群内一套受了区域变质作用的陆源碎屑岩和白云岩地层中。通过对区域成矿地质背景和MKM矿床地质特征的分析,总结了控矿地质因素、矿床成因类型等。     

Removal of Congo Red dye by adsorption onto phyrophyllite

Synthetic dye‐containing wastewaters from textile, paper, plastic and leather‐tanning industries are a most common organic pollutant. Such dyes may be toxic not only to aquatic life, but also to human beings. Consequently, dye removal from wastewater significantly benefits the environment. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of phyrophyllite as an adsorbent for Congo Red dye from wastewater. Dye sorption rates were investigated in bench‐scale studies. Evaluation of adsorption performance of phyrophyllite on Congo Red necessitated the determination of Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. Adsorption of Congo Red on phyrophyllite was found to be in conformity with both isotherms. The adsorption capacity for phyrophyllite was found to increase with decrease in particle size and with increase in temperature and intensity of agitation. The results indicated that phyrophyllite was a good adsorbent for Congo Red from wastewaters.     

Planning Belgian Congo’s network of medical infrastructure: type-plans as tools to construct a medical model-colony, 1949–1959

ABSTRACT

Throughout the 1950s, the Belgian colonial government constructed a vast network of hospital infrastructure as part of its Ten-Year Plan, a colony-wide socio-economic scheme emblematic for the era of ‘welfare colonialism.’ This network played a key role in Belgian colonialism, by providing healthcare, but also by boosting labour productivity, facilitating state presence and control, and by advertising Congo as a medical model-colony. In this article, we unpack the extensive administrative apparatus that was necessary to buttress this ambitious building programme, and we highlight type-plans as crucial government tools to construct such a vast network of healthcare infrastructure. At first glance, the use of type-plans confirms classic characterizations of the Belgian colonial government as an omnipotent and technocratic state apparatus that implemented large, top-down government plans through authoritative methods, often discarding local realities. However, tracing hospital construction on the ground reveals that type-plans did not function as immutable models, but rather as modular blueprints that allowed local administrations to adapt hospitals to local needs and contingencies. As such, our article illustrates how, facilitated by surprisingly flexible type-plans, everyday colonial policymaking in Belgian Congo was, contrary to the still dominant discourse, deeply reliant on the agency and aptitude of local officials.     

Adsorption behavior of Congo red from aqueous solution on La2O3-doped TiO2 nanotubes

Composite adsorbent, TiO₂ nanotubes doped by La₂O₃, were prepared and characterized by IR, XRD, SEM, and XPS, their adsorption properties were investigated in the aqueous solution employing Congo red as the target pollutant. The adsorption experiments exhibited that adsorption equilibrium of Congo red over the adsorbent was rapidly achieved within 10 min, and the adsorption kinetics was in accord with the pseudo-second-order kinetics model. Moreover, intraparticle diffusion was not the determining step in the entire adsorption process, and the adsorption belonged to a chemical adsorption. Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin–Radushkevich isothermal equations were utilized to fit the equilibrium adsorption data, in which the Temkin equation was verified to fit the adsorption behaviors most satisfactorily with the correlation coefficient of 0.998. The adsorption mechanism was also studied.     

刚果(金)东北部基巴里金矿地质特征及成因

基巴里(Kibali)金矿产于刚果(金)东北部太古宙绿岩带中的造山带型金矿,矿床的赋矿围岩主要为绿岩带中的火山沉积砾岩、基性岩及条带状硅铁建造岩石(BIF),围岩蚀变为成矿前期的碳酸盐化和成矿期的黄铁矿化,形成以浸染状和脉状为主的矿石类型。Kibali金矿成因还存在诸多争议。通过搜集相关资料文献,结合区域地球化学数据分析表明金矿形成于新太古代,在伊伯尼安、基巴拉造山活动和泛非运动期间再活化运移。绿岩带中的火山碎屑岩类为金矿的形成提供了重要的硫源。