倾斜入射下的单截面平面度绝对检验

针对大尺寸光学平面的直线度的纳米级测量精度需求，提出了倾斜入射下单截面平面度绝对检验方法，实现了对超过相移干涉仪口径的长平晶绝对检验。利用棱镜转向实现倾斜入射角度的精密预标定，棱镜标定角度的精度高于圆光栅和图像分析等方法，可提高测量不确定度到0.0042 μm。对比了常规三面互检绝对检验结果与本方法的差异，在相同尺寸下，直线度误差仅为1.2 nm。在确认标定反射镜位置后，整个倾斜入射的干涉图调整过程将被完全集中到待测长平晶的工作面上，不需要再对反射平晶进行操作。调整长平晶时各个维度的操作互不干涉，可快速简便地得到测量结果。     

Enhancement of a global lake and reservoir database to aid climate studies and resource monitoring utilizing satellite radar altimetry

Here, we describe the expansion and enhancement of a large (surface area ≥100 km²) lake and reservoir database (1.GREALD). These efforts have also resulted in the spin-off of two additional databases, one containing lakes and reservoirs (2.GREALD, area 10–99 km²), and the other containing ephemeral lakes (3.GELD, area ≥100 km²). These databases are unique sources for projects that utilize satellite radar altimeter data to monitor surface water levels. While 1.GREALD aims to be a complete catalog, 2.GREALD focuses on reservoirs in response to applied sciences programs that monitor water and energy resources. The creation of 3.GELD has climate change objectives as well as water resources and ecosystem conservation applications. The recording of information pertaining to the potential overpasses (waterbody crossings) of the current and archive satellite altimeters is a primary objective as is the need to highlight any form of controlled water level variation. The permanent water databases now contain 6282 entries, half experience some form of anthropogenic influence and ～430 have been identified as potential climatically sensitive terminal lakes. The revised integral surface area distribution is a power law with exponent ?1.016. Statistics reveal that with altimetric repeat visit times of 10-day to monthly, at least 80% of the permanent water bodies (≥10 km²) have been overflown at some period since the 1990s. Current information on water use and reservoir formation date show that the primary use of the reservoir class is hydroelectric power, and that China, Brazil, India, Turkey, and Vietnam dominate the dam building in recent decades.     

Labeling and Characterization of Phenol-Containing Glycopeptides Using Chemoselective Probes with Isotope Tags

Secondary metabolites are structurally diverse natural products (NPs) and have been widely used for medical applications. Developing new tools to enrich NPs can be a promising solution to isolate novel NPs from the native and complex samples. Here, we developed native and deuterated chemoselective labeling probes to target phenol-containing glycopeptides by the ene-type labeling used in proteomic research. The clickable azido-linker was included for further biotin functionalization to facilitate the enrichment of labeled substrates. Afterward, our chemoselective method, in conjunction with LC-MS and MSn analysis, was demonstrated in bacterial cultures. A vancomycin-related phenol-containing glycopeptide was labeled and characterized by our labeling strategy, showing its potential in glycopeptide discovery in complex environments.     

公民水素养评价表征因素模型构建与分析

针对我国水资源紧缺、水生态损害、水环境污染等相关水问题,以提升全民爱水惜水节水护水的意识和能力为目标,从水素养概念出发,通过扎根理论质性研究方法对公民水素养评价的表征因素进行筛选和提炼,最终得出包含水知识、水态度、水行为为主范畴的10个表征因素并运用解释结构模型(ISM)深入剖析各因素之间的内在联系。在此基础上建立了3级多层次递阶结构模型,进一步精确描述系统各要素两两之间的直接关系。结果表明:公民水素养评价的表征因素自上而下形成了表象层、中间层和根源层等3个层级,可直观、清晰地反映表征因素之间的递阶、层级关系;水态度在各表征因素中具有调节作用以及各表征因素之间存在内在逻辑关系。研究成果为提高公民水素养水平提供一定的科学依据和政策参考。     

肉桂特色资源加工利用产业发展现状

肉桂是我国特色经济林树种，我国肉桂种植面积和年产量均居世界首位。我国肉桂主要分布在两广地区，其中广西为14.9万hm²，广东为8.9万hm²，两地面积占全国肉桂分布总面积的95%以上。肉桂既是著名的香料又是传统的名贵中药，具有极高的经济价值，发展肉桂产业对于促进农民增收、维护健康中国有着重要的意义。本研究综述了肉桂资源量、分布情况及主要利用部位，介绍肉桂主要产品（如桂皮，桂枝，肉桂粉及肉桂油）及加工技术现状、产品质量控制及其分析检测方法，分析了产业未来的发展趋势，并提出了产业发展的对策和措施：加强肉桂标准化示范基地建设，提高优质资源供给能力；提高肉桂加工利用技术水平，延长产业链；培育肉桂龙头企业，提高产品市场竞争力。为我国肉桂特色资源加工利用产业的可持续发展提供一定的思路。     

Slag eye formation in single and dual bottom purged industrial steelmaking ladles

ABSTRACT

Argon gas is often injected from the bottom of the ladle during steel refining operations. The injected gas interacts with the liquid (metal and slag) bath and enhances the momentum, heat, and mass transfer rate in the melt. However, during these gas–liquid interactions, an opening of the slag layer called slag eye is formed, which exposes the molten metal surface to the atmosphere, which is generally undesirable. In the current work, a transient, three-dimensional mathematical model is used to study the turbulent gas–liquid interactions in single as well as dual bottom blown industrial steelmaking ladles. A Coupled Level Set Volume of Fluid (CLSVOF) model is used for tracking the steel-argon, steel-slag, and argon-slag interfaces, from which the slag-eye area has been predicted. It is found that the inlet gas purging rate, melt height, slag layer thickness, angular and radial positions of the gas inlets affect the slag opening area. Non-dimensional empirical correlations are proposed to predict the slag opening area in both single as well as dual purged ladles, using non-linear regression analysis.     

Spillover effects of distribution grid tariffs in the internal electricity market: An argument for harmonization?

In many countries, distribution grid tariffs are being reformed to adapt to the new realities of an electricity system with distributed energy resources. In Europe, legislative proposals have been made to harmonize these reforms across country borders. Many stakeholders have argued that distribution tariffs are a local affair, while the European institutions argued that there can be spillovers to other countries, which could justify a more harmonized approach. In this paper, we quantify these spillovers in a simplified numerical example to give insight and an order of magnitude. We look at different scenarios, and find that the spillovers can be both negative and positive. To be able to quantify these effects, we developed a long-run market equilibrium model that captures the wholesale market effects of distribution grid tariffs. The problem is formulated as a non-cooperative game involving consumers, generating companies and distribution system operators in a stylized electricity market.     

加强自然资源领域安全生产管理措施建议研究

当前，安全生产事故频发，造成重大人员伤亡和财产损失，成为国家安全生产亟需解决的问题，按照新时期新要求，加强自然资源领域安全生产管理尤为重要。本文重点围绕自然资源领域涉及的土地资源、矿产资源、海洋资源以及测绘行业和地勘行业，通过调研及专家座谈，分析了我国自然资源领域安全生产管理的现状，存在的问题和产生的原因；结合新时期自然资源管理实际，以及地方和其他部门典型经验，从制度机制、标准化、信息化、人才培养等角度提出了加强我国自然资源领域安全生产管理的措施和建议，以供参考。     

基于博弈分析的流域水资源配置

针对传统规划方法难以体现水资源配置过程中多种复杂因素的问题,基于博弈理论建立宏观调控和市场经济相结合的水资源配置动态博弈模型,求解其子博弈精炼纳什均衡下各博弈参与人的策略,并运用改进量子遗传算法求解该博弈模型。对A河流域水资源配置结果表明,在保证流域公共生态用水2.0×10~8 m~3的基础上,各用水子区自发约束自身的取水量,达到均衡时,社会总收益为11.27亿元,相比自由取水模型,社会总收益增加了0.95亿元,增幅为9.2%。