Electrospun polyimide nanofibers and their applications

Aromatic polyimides (PIs) are high-performance polymers with rigid heterocyclic imide rings and aromatic benzene rings in their macromolecular backbones. Owing to excellent mechanical properties and thermal stability, as well as readily adjustable molecular structures, PIs have been widely adopted for many applications related to electronics, aerospace, automobile, and other industries. In recent years, PI fibers prepared by electrospinning of polyamic acid (PAA) precursor nanofibers followed by imidization (commonly known as electrospun PI nanofibers) have attracted growing interests. Herein, the preparation, evaluation, and application of electrospun PI nanofibers are reviewed. PI polymers and the electrospinning technique are introduced first followed by the preparation of electrospun nanofibers of homo-PI, co-PI, blend-PI, and PI composite. Subsequently, the mechanical and thermal properties of electrospun PI nanofibers are presented; in particular, the mechanical properties of individual electrospun PI nanofibers are highlighted. Thereafter, various applications of electrospun PI nanofibers are outlined, including reinforcement of composites, Li-ion battery separators, fuel cell proton exchange membranes, sensors, microelectronics, high-temperature filtration media, super-hydrophobic PI nanofibers, and PI-based carbon nanofibers. In the final section of conclusions and perspectives, future research endeavors and high-value applications of electrospun PI nanofibers are discussed.     

Effect of TS-1 treatment by tetrapropyl ammonium hydroxide on cyclohexanone ammoximation

TS-1 has been treated with different concentrations of tetrapropyl ammonium hydroxide (TPAOH), characterized by a series of techniques, and studied in cyclohexanone ammoximation. The results show that the MFI structure of TS-1 is not destroyed, while mesopores are formed in TS-1 crystals and the pore diameters increase with the TPAOH concentrations; the amount of the framework Ti species decreases slightly at low concentrations of TPAOH, but decreases appreciably at the concentrations of TPAOH above 0.0125 mol/L; the activity and the selectivity of TS-1 are not affected by the treatment, but the catalyst stability is markedly increased after the TPAOH treatment. The increase of the stability is attributed to the mesopore formation. But when the pore diameters are larger than 6.51 nm, the catalyst stability begins decreasing due to the appreciable damage of the framework titanium by TPAOH.     

基于形式演算和不变式验证的可信算法程序构造

The paper presents a formal and practical approach to dependable algorithm development. First, starting from a formal specification based on the Eindhoven quantifier notation, a problem is regularly reduced to subproblems with less complexity by using a concise set of calculation rules, the result of which establishes a recurrence based algorithm. Second, a loop invariant is derived from the problem specification and recurrence, which certifies the transformation from the recurrence based algorithm to one or more iterative programs. We demonstrate that our approach covers a number of classical algorithm design tactics, develops algorithmic programs together with their proof of correctness, and thus contributes fundamentally to the dependability of computer software.     

一种基于族相合性的文本增量聚类箅法

传统文本聚类方法只适合处理静态样本,且时间复杂度较高。针对该问题,提出一种基于簇相合性的文本增量聚类算法。采用基于词项语义相似度的文本表示模型,利用词项之间的语义信息,通过计算新增文本与已有簇之间的相合性实现对文本的增量聚类。增量处理完部分文本后,对其中错分可能性较大的文本重新指派类别,以进一步提高聚类性能。该算法可在对象数据不断增长或更新的情况下,避免大量重复计算,提高聚类性能。在20 Newsgroups数据集上进行实验,结果表明,与k-means算法和SHC算法相比,该算法可减少聚类时间,提高聚类性能。     

丙交酯的合成

以DL－乳酸为原料在催化剂存在下，加热、减压脱水合成了DL－丙交酯，研究了温度、压力、反应时间等反应条件对丙交酯产率的影响，用IR等分析测试仪器对丙交酯进行了表征。     

无溶剂CTAB催化制备取代2-氨基-2-色烯

在溴化十六烷基三甲基铵(CTAB)催化及无溶剂条件下,由芳亚甲基丙二腈与1-萘酚或2-萘酚发生加成、环化反应,生成相应的取代2-氨基-2-色烯。     

二种双邻位甲基取代的聚芳醚酮类树脂的合成与性能

合成二种双邻位甲基取代的聚芳醚酮类聚合物,聚芳醚酮醚酮酮(DM-PEKEKK)和聚芳醚酮酮醚酮酮(DM-PEKKEKK),用FT-IR、1H NMR、DSC、WAXD、TG等技术对其进行表征,研究表明:较之于未取代的PEKEKK和PEKKEKK玻璃化转变温度和溶解性能大幅度提高,热分解温度有所下降,但均在450℃以上.     

平面自治系统的有界性

研究一般平面自治系统的解的有界性．给出了两个有界性的充分条件和一个闭轨存在性的判据．     

否定选择算法中一种改进的检测器集生成机制

为提高否定选择算法中检测器集的检测率,提出改进的检测器集生成方法。其主要针对检测器在检测边界元素时遇到的困境问题,把自体点和它的临近点一起作为自体区域,处理自体的泛化问题。给出算法的具体实现过程、优势分析,并通过人工合成数据集2DSyntheticData和实际Biomedical数据集对算法进行了验证。实验结果表明,本算法检测率较高,尤其可以有效检测到处于自体与非自体边界处的点,具有一定的优越性。     

纳米稀土复合固体超强酸催化合成乙酸苄酯

采用共沉淀法制备了纳米稀土复合固体超强酸SO4^2-／ZrO2-2％Nd2O3催化剂，电镜分析表明，催化剂颗粒直径在25nm左右，比表面积测定：71．03m^2／g。酸强度-12．70〈Ho〈-11．99。并对合成乙酸苄酯的最佳反应条件进行了研究。研究表明：当苯甲醇与乙酸的物质的量比为1：2，反应时间为5h，反应温度为120℃，催化剂用量为6％苯甲醇的质量时，酯化率可达92．04％。研究发现，该催化剂可重复使用并可活化再生。