环保阻燃剂溴化聚苯乙烯的合成研究

研究了以聚苯乙烯为原料,氯化溴为溴化剂,合成溴化聚苯乙烯.探讨了催化剂用量、反应温度及反应时间对溴化聚苯乙烯合成的影响.研究制得了溴含量高、色泽较好的产品.     

BPS对LNMO电化学性能的提高及作用机理

采用4,4'-二羟基二苯砜(BPS)与镍锰酸锂(LNMO)复合,形成BPS@LNMO复合材料。扫描电子显微镜(SEM+mapping)图表明BPS在LNMO上均匀分散。X射线衍射光谱法(XRD)图表明复合后材料的晶型结构没有改变,与LNMO的Fd-3m空间群结构完全吻合。充放电测试表明:LNMO与BPS复合后,材料的比容量和容量保持率提高,3%(质量分数)BPS的BPS@LNMO复合材料在0.2 C下,放电比容量为133 m Ah/g;1%(质量分数)BPS的BPS@LNMO复合材料0.5 C下循环50次后容量保持率为初始放电容量的93.1%。     

An improved load flow technique based on load current injection for modern distribution system

This paper presents load current injection based improved load flow (LF) technique for modern distribution system. The proposed LF technique is derived by promulgating the concept of conventional backward forward sweep technique. This proposed technique uses a single load current to bus voltage (LCBV) matrix to perform both the backward and the forward sweeps of power flow calculation in a single step. Utilizing the concept LCBV, the bus voltages can be determined, directly, from the load current injections. Due to the distinctive solution technique of the proposed approach, the time-consuming lower–upper factorization and forward–backward substitution or any derivative operation required in the traditional LF technique are no longer necessary. These unique features make the proposed technique faster in operation. The proposed approach is flexible enough to accommodate any sort of change in network structure due to reconfiguration. Along with the modeling of various equipments of distribution system (viz. distribution transformer, voltage regulator, voltage dependent loads, distributed generations, etc.), special treatments for weakly meshed system are also presented in this work. It is experimented on several test systems of varying complexities (viz. 28-, 69- and 30-bus balanced radial distribution system (RDS), 10-bus and IEEE 34-bus unbalanced RDS and 33- and 69-bus weakly meshed system) and the obtained results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach while comparing to the existing methodologies. Furthermore, it is revealed that the proposed algorithm is, computationally, faster, robust and more suitable for modern distribution network than the contemporary techniques available in the state-of-the-art literature.     

双酚S影响3T3-L1前脂肪细胞分化及其作用机制的研究

双酚A(BPA)的内分泌干扰作用以及对人体产生的不良影响,使双酚S(BPS)作为替代品在食品包装材料中应用更加广泛。BPS在大规模应用之前,并没有对其安全性进行充分研究。本文以3T3-L1前脂肪细胞为体外模型,探究BPS对3T3-L1前细胞分化的影响及作用途径,评价BPS安全性的同时,也为肥胖等慢性代谢疾病的预防提供参考。研究结果表明:BPS能促进3T3-L1前脂肪细胞生长,当浓度超过400μmol/L时,才能显著抑制细胞的增殖;BPS能显著诱导分化的3T3-L1细胞内脂质的积累,并呈现非剂量依赖关系;与模型组相比,BPA上调PPARγ、C/EBR和aP2基因的表达,而BPS只作用PPARγ基因的过表达,BPS和BPA都能使GLUT4基因的表达显著下降(p0.01)。总之BPS和BPA作用脂肪细胞分化的途径不完全一样,可能是在多种转录因子的共同作用下完成的。     

Effect of different BPS concentration on the thermal decomposition and thermal stability properties of GAP curing

ABSTRACT

In order to study the optimal ratio of the degree of bis-propargyl-succinate (BPS) cures Glycidyl azide polymer (GAP), the thermal kinetics of BPS cured system was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TG), the thermal stability and mechanical properties were studied. GAP was cured by the reaction of the azide group with BPS through a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction to form a 1,2,3-triazole network. It was found that the DSC curves of the BPS cured system show an obvious exothermic peak at around 230–260°C for each sample at different heating rates. TG-DTG curves of the BPS/GAP system exhibit two major stages of mass loss for different samples at different heating rates. When the mass ratio of BPS and GAP is 0.4:1, the thermal stability and mechanical properties were optimal. Meanwhile, the activation energy and frequency factor are calculated by Kissinger and Flynn–Wall–Ozawa methods by non-isothermal thermoanalytical data, the kinetic parameters proved that 0.4 BPS sample shows high thermal stability and the parameters are significant for further research of curing system.     

双酚S暴露对秀丽隐杆线虫行为学及生长发育的影响

双酚S(BPS)作为双酚A(BPA)的替代物,在各个产品中(奶瓶、食品罐和热敏纸等)已经得到广泛应用,但是目前关于BPS的毒理学研究甚少。本文以BPS为研究对象,秀丽线虫为模式生物,分析其对运动行为能力及生长发育的影响。研究结果表明,急性毒性试验中,暴露浓度达到1μM时,运动行为学指标身体弯曲频率显著下降,暴露浓度达到10μM时,运动行为学指标头部摆动频率显著下降;随着浓度的增加,BPS还会影响秀丽隐杆线虫的寿命和子代数目,导致寿命缩短和子代数目的减少,BPS浓度达到100μM时,与对照组相比,寿命下降了35.42%,子代数目下降了30.47%;BPS暴露会导致秀丽线虫体内活性氧自由基含量显著上升,推测高浓度的BPS可能造成秀丽线虫的氧化损伤,进而影响运动行为能力、寿命及子代数量。     

Steinernema longicaudum BPS品系线虫防治花生田蛴螬施用技术

为证实BPS线虫田间防治害虫的潜能和花生安全生产的可能性,进行了长尾斯氏Steinemema longicaudum BPS品系线虫防治花生田蛴螬效果及其施用技术研究.结果显示:在8个处理剂量中,以5000 IJS/穴的剂量田间效果最好,花生荚果受害率(3.1%)显著低于40%甲基异柳磷对照的(9.0%)和清水对照的荚果受害率(53.2%),蛴螬减退率(95.7%)和平均产量(5941.5 kg/hm2)也与40%甲基异柳磷对照的(82.7%,303.8 kg)有显著差异(P＜0.05);灌施效果显著好于喷施;在5000 IJs/穴的剂量下,混合喷施BPS线虫和小杆线虫(4500∶500),未表现出相克、协同或加性效应.研究结果表明BPS线虫作为生物防治制剂防治花生田蛴螬具有防虫、增产双重效果.     

溴化聚苯乙烯协同三氧化二锑阻燃PA6的性能

溴化聚苯乙烯(BPS)协同不同粒径的Sb_2O_3复配制备阻燃PA6,研究阻燃PA6的物理机械性能、UL94、LOI、阻燃性能和烟气释放.力学试验结果显示:协同阻燃体系的加入,提高了PA6的热变形温度、邵氏硬度、弯曲强度、弯曲模量和维卡软化点,注塑成型收缩率增加,缺口冲击强度、断裂伸长率和熔体指数下降.当粒径为0.4 μm时,综合力学性能最佳.燃烧性能和CONE测试结果显示:阻燃PA6的燃烧性能提高到ULV-0级,LOI升高,av-HRR、Pk-HRR、Pk-HRR/TTI、THR、EHC显著下降、轰燃时间大幅延长,且Sb_2O_3粒径越小,阻燃效果越好,但av-SEA、av-CO、SPR明显上升,阻燃但不能抑烟.     

微量热法研究GAP与BPS固化反应

为了解叠氮黏合剂/非异氰酸酯固化体系的反应动力学和固化终点,通过非等温与等温微量热法,利用Kissinger方程和Crane方程研究了聚叠氮缩水甘油醚(GAP)与非异氰酸酯固化剂-丁二酸二丙炔醇酯(BPS)黏结体系的固化过程。结果表明,—C≡C—与—N₃摩尔比为1时,GAP/BPS黏结体系固化反应放热量最大;固化反应的表观活化能为80.33kJ/mol,指前因子为10^8.42s^-1,反应级数为0.94,固化反应热为-1357.69J/g;拟合计算出了黏结体系的特征温度,凝胶温度为313.87K,固化温度为316.18K,后固化温度为338.55K;GAP/BPS黏结体系固化反应中存在自催化现象;拟合出黏结体系完全固化时间与温度之间的函数关系为y=4.13×10¹⁰e^-0.06441x+5.029。     

三期焙烧BPS系统的工艺优化

BPS系统工艺优化目的：实现沥青挥发分充分燃烧，改进烟气排放效果；降低天然气单耗；改进阳极焙烧质量。关键是如何控制2区炉室挥发分大量释放的合理时间与燃烧位置。