SLAB View软件在含硫天然气井井喷泄漏扩散模拟中的应用

介绍了SLAB重气泄漏扩散模型,并运用SLAB View软件模拟了某含硫气井发生井喷事故H2S云团的扩散过程和危害区域,得出了H2S云团在指定浓度平均时间下的影响范围,以及指定浓度H2S云团出现在最远距离的时间和最远下风向扩散距离。结果表明,SLAB View软件能方便、快速地模拟平坦地形下含硫天然气井喷泄漏扩散过程,预测事故泄漏扩散后果和影响范围。     

Role of carbon and nitrogen content on microstructural homogeneity in thin slab direct rolled microalloyed steels

Abstract

This paper analyses the effect of carbon and nitrogen content on the austenite microstructural homogeneity before transformation in the thin slab direct rolling of Nb and Nb–V microalloyed steels. The study was made with the help of a microstructural hot working model adapted to the metallurgical peculiarities associated with thin slab direct rolling. The results show that an increase in carbon content from 0·04 to 0·09% in 0·05%Nb microalloyed steels requires a significant increase in the initial rolling temperature in order to avoid the presence of isolated as cast austenite grains prior to transformation. Similarly, an increase in nitrogen content from 30 to 120 ppm does not imply changes as drastic as in the case of carbon. In both situations the changes required in the rolling temperature can be explained by the interaction between post-dynamic softening mechanisms and strain induced precipitation kinetics. In this context, the incidence of different final gauge thicknesses on microstructural homogeneity is evaluated.     

Study and redesign of high temperature batch annealing furnace for production of grain oriented electrical steel

Abstract

Grain oriented electrical steel coils are batch annealed at 1200°C to develop the magnetic properties of the strip. Temperature gradients are known to exist within the coils, which can affect the three important reactions occurring in the steel during annealing. These gradients result from the anisotropic conduction properties of the coil and the application of furnace heat. Heat is applied from the furnace to the coil in the radial direction. Studies of the conduction properties of an electrical steel coil have shown that the radial coefficient is ～20% of the axial coefficient. Computational fluid dynamics was employed to simulate a furnace redesign, comprising increased axial heating and a larger coil size. The results show that the annealing cycle time may be shortened and annealing conditions simultaneously improved. The difference between process requirements and process performance can be significantly narrowed by use of the redesigned furnace.     

Water modelling of level fluctuation in thin slab continuous casting mould

Abstract

A water modelling experiment was conducted to study the meniscus instability in a continuous thin slab casting mould using particle image visualisation. The results show that the level fluctuation, circulation centre position and jet impinging depth are unsteady and periodic with a similar period. The probability distributions of the fluctuating meniscus and wave height have been obtained with the highest frequency near the average position. The flow pattern and meniscus profile may be momentarily asymmetrical, and the phase difference of level fluctuation in the two sides of mould centreline is a half period. The average meniscus profile, the highest and lowest meniscus positions are generally symmetrical about the mould centreline. The wave height mainly depends on the jet impinging depth and circulation centre position. The wave height increases as the jet impinging position rises and the circulation centre approaches to the submerged entry nozzle.     

Flow pattern and alloy dissolution during tapping of steel furnaces

Abstract

Alloying of steel during tapping from BOFs and EAFs has been studied by computational fluid dynamics in two-dimensional axisymmetric models of two ladles. The flow patterns and particle trajectories have been computed for six different levels of steel in the tapping ladle, five different alloy sizes, two alloy injection points, and three types of bulk alloy (FeMn, SiMn, and FeSi75). Based on the fluid dynamics in the ladle and a definition of good alloying practice, conclusions with regard to alloy sizing and timing of alloy addition have been established. The computational results support findings in plant tests, which show the benefit of using small sized alloys. Furthermore, a method that allows us to estimate the optimum feeding rate for alloy additions during steelplant operation has been developed. Results from full scale tests in steelplants are shown.     

液化天然气水平连续泄漏重气的扩散过程

结合SLAB稳态烟羽模型,针对液化天然气(LNG)连续泄漏、水平喷射源的重气扩散过程进行了模拟研究,分析了液化天然气泄漏后混合云团扩散形成的浓度场、温度场和其它特征参数。利用MATLAB语言编制液化天然气连续泄漏扩散模拟程序,对两种试验环境条件(不同风速、大气温度、大气稳定度、相对湿度和地表粗糙度等环境参数)下扩散云团的特性参数进行模拟计算,得到各云团参数随下风向距离的变化规律。     

Research on the LNG dense gas diffusion: A continuous horizontal jet release

结合SLAB稳态烟羽模型,针对液化天然气（LNG）连续泄漏、水平喷射源的重气扩散过程进行了模拟研究,分析了液化天然气泄漏后混合云团扩散形成的浓度场、温度场和其它特征参数。利用MATLAB语言编制液化天然气连续泄漏扩散模拟程序,对两种试验环境条件（不同风速、大气温度、大气稳定度、相对湿度和地表粗糙度等环境参数）下扩散云团的特性参数进行模拟计算,得到各云团参数随下风向距离的变化规律。     

Mould thermal monitoring: a window on the mould

Abstract

Corus R,D&T at Teesside Technology Centre has developed over a number of years a mould thermal monitoring (MTM) system based on an array of thermocouples in the mould copper plates. The system is installed on the Corus slab casters in the UK, on slab casters at Outokumpu (UK), Sidmar (Belgium) and Kosice (Slovakia) and, at the time of the 4th European Continuous Casting Conference, was also on the medium thickness slab caster at Tuscaloosa (USA), which was sold to Nucor in 2004. The MTM system was also under development on the thin slab caster at Trico (USA) before plant closure (subsequently bought by Nucor), and aspects are currently being developed on the Corus DSP (direct sheet plant) thin slab caster at IJmuiden (The Netherlands). While a prime function is detection and prevention of sticker type breakouts, the MTM system allows real time assessment of thermal conditions, provides a valuable input for online grading and, most important, enables modifications to mould powder practices to be assessed. The present paper briefly outlines recent developments to the MTM system and presents examples of the use of the system to assist mould powder developments.     

Mould lubrication and friction behaviour with hydraulic oscillators in slab continuous casting

Abstract

It is very important to obtain reliable lubrication from casting powder both at the meniscus and in the gap between strand and mould as it affects slab surface quality and caster productivity. With knowledge of mould friction, a quantitative insight into the behaviour of powder during caster operation is possible. In the present research, the friction was studied based on a slab continuous caster equipped with hydraulic oscillators. The effects of mould oscillation and the abrupt change of casting speed on mould friction force were evaluated, and the characteristics of lubrication behaviour in a casting sequence were investigated. In particular, a comparison between the mould friction force between sinusoidal oscillation mode and non-sinusoidal oscillation mode was made. Finally, the characteristics of friction before a breakout are discussed. The experimental and analytical results may contribute to the development of mould friction online measurement and more clearly learn the lubrication behaviour in different conditions.     

面向Linux内核的片上存储优化

便签存储器(SPM)作为主要的片上存储器之一,可以用来提升嵌入式Linux系统的性能,并降低其能耗.提出一种针对Linux内核的SPM管理及优化方案,实现了针对Linux内核热点代码段、数据段的SPM静态优化技术.利用虚存管理技术,建立以SPM页区为基础的动态SPM页框分配机制,并实现页框分配的通用接口函数.在优化热点小对象分配器(SLAB)的基础上,实现对Linux内核的动态优化.实验结果表明,该优化方案能明显降低能耗和提升性能,其内核代码段优化方案平均提升11％的系统性能.