Predictive economic efficiency of combining nuclear power plants with autonomous hydrogen power complex

Currently, the United Energy System (UEC) of Russia is trending in the deficit of peak and half-peak capacity with a simultaneous increase in the number of nuclear power plants (NPPs), which will require the participation of the NPPs in the variable part of the schedule of electrical loads.In addition to the economic need to maintain the high-level utilization rate, there are technological limitations of maneuverability for NPPs.The authors developed an approach to solving this problem by combining with an environmentally friendly energy source – an autonomous hydrogen power complex, which includes thermal batteries and an additional multifunctional low-power steam turbine installation.The developed energy complex can also provide reliable reservation of electricity supply to consumers of their own needs of the nuclear power plant in case of complete blackout of the plant.The feasibility study of the main equipment of the autonomous hydrogen power complex, which is necessary for combining with a two-unit nuclear power plant with WWER-1000, has been evaluated.On the basis of the assessment of the inflation indicators of the Russian economy over the past 11 years, three variants of fuel cost dynamics and tariff rates for electricity (capacity) as well as the size of operating costs, including depreciation deductions to the main equipment, are defined, taking into account the current principles of price formation.The result is a value for accumulated net present value, depending on the ratio of the cost of the half-peak and off-peak electricity at different inflation rates.The positive economic effect of reducing the risk of the core damage accident, replacing the construction of the gas turbine unit as a maneuverable source of electricity in the power grid and increasing the income of the Russian federal budget from the savings of natural gas has been taken into account.The greatest economic efficiency is achieved with maximum projected inflation, which is associated with the maximum rate of discounting and the high rate of growth of electricity tariffs.Reducing the risk of the core damage accident ensures that the proposed approach is competitive in all the inflation options under consideration and the ratio of electricity tariffs.     

河流下浅埋深薄基岩煤层部分开采可行性分析

控制覆岩破坏高度是实现水体下安全开采的关键。针对“浅埋深、薄基岩、坚硬顶板”河流下压覆煤炭资源的问题，采用数值模拟的方法，计算了巷柱式和房柱式等部分开采的覆岩破坏高度，并从防水煤岩柱留设、岩梁极限跨度以及煤柱稳定性3个方面论述河流下部分开采的可行性。研究结果表明，部分开采能够很好地控制覆岩破坏高度，煤岩柱厚度基本满足留设防水安全煤岩柱要求；由于上覆基岩柱中存在厚度大于10 m的粗砂岩，在跨度小于8.53 m的情况下可以支撑上覆岩层；设计煤柱安全系数为1.28～1.81，均满足要求。采用采6 m、留6 m的巷柱（窄条带）式开采是最佳方案，面积采出率为50%，按总采出率45%计算，可解放河流压覆区域约52万t煤炭。     

河北省耕地资源动态分析及耕地后备资源可持续利用对策

本文分析了河北省土地资源的利用现状以及自实施耕地总量动态平衡制度以来耕地数量和类型的动态变化,并提出了遏制耕地锐减的对策,其中对耕地后备资源科学合理的开发是有效举措之一。8年间河北省耕地面积减少了50.75×104hm2,生态退耕还林面积占耕地减少面积的89.0%,土地开发是新增耕地的主要来源;可开垦荒草地、可开垦滩涂、可开垦盐碱地是新增耕地的主要开发对象,占耕地后备资源面积的78.86%。     

厚松散层薄基岩条带法开采采留尺度研究

基于建筑物下条带法开采的地表变形观测，结合数值模拟方法，研究了厚松散层薄基岩条件下，条带法开采不同采留尺度的地表沉陷规律.研究表明，按一般条带法设计进行的地表沉陷预测下沉系数较实际偏小；且相同条带采出宽度时基岩厚度小，地表下沉值增大；相同基岩厚度时条带采出宽度小，地表下沉值也小；基岩厚度较小时，地表下沉值随条带采宽增大时增加较大；进行条带开采采留尺度设计时，除了按一般情况下的设计原则考虑外，还应考虑基岩的厚度，使得开采后支托层在基岩内形成，以保证条带开采控制地表沉陷的意义.     

巷道穿采在建筑物下压煤开采中的应用

巷道穿采,本质上是一种窄条带的特殊开采方法.作为传统建下煤柱开采方法的补充,适用于浅部建下压煤开采,已经成功地运用在实践中.该方法投入少,生产系统简单.但其巷道支护方法、回撤扩帮方法和采留比设计等,仍是巷道穿采中值得深入研究的问题.     

河北省耕地资源动态分析及耕地后备资源可持续利用对策

本文分析了河北省土地资源的利用现状以及自实施耕地总量动态平衡制度以来耕地数量和类型的动态变化,并提出了遏制耕地锐减的对策,其中对耕地后备资源科学合理的开发是有效举措之一.8年间河北省耕地面积减少了50.75×104 hm2,生态退耕还林面积占耕地减少面积的89.0%,土地开发是新增耕地的主要来源;可开垦荒草地、可开垦滩涂、可开垦盐碱地是新增耕地的主要开发对象,占耕地后备资源面积的78.86%.     

线型旅游空间研究——以京杭大运河为例

在旅游地空间结构和相关"线"状空间研究的基础上,借鉴在世界遗产保护领域的先进理念"文化线路",提出"线型旅游空间"概念,界定为基于遗产保护进行旅游开发的旅游地空间类型.以京杭大运河为例,将其空间特征总结为历史悠久、跨越区域、文化多元和产品趋同等4个主要方面,并在此基础上提出了对大运河旅游规划的启示,应树立保护为先的理念,在全局的视角下避免目前的旅游形象和旅游产品趋同的现象,进行多角度的差异性定位;同时,基于大运河的大尺度、跨区域性,提出建立相应机构加强协调管理,并进行流域联合营销和区域联合营销.     

光照重力坝坝基断层影响及处理的三维数值模拟

200m级光照重力坝坝踵和坝趾分别存在较大规模的断层，为了分析和评价断层对重力坝应力位移和坝基稳定性的影响，以及建坝后由于围压变化导致的断层变形模量提高对坝体的影响，对重力坝典型坝段和坝基岩体的联合作用进行三维数值模拟。对两条断层分别进行浮值分析，用强度储备系数法计算受断层影响的坝基安全稳定性，并分别模拟对两条断层进行的不同方式加固处理措施进行模拟。研究结果表明，位于坝趾的F2断层对坝体应力位移状态影响较大，也是坝基稳定性的控制性因素之一，在进行固结灌浆处理提高强度后，不仅可以提高坝基稳定性，而且可使坝体应力状态得到改善。位于坝踵的F1断层开挖并回填混凝土处理不宜过深。同时，建坝后围压变化导致断层变形模量的提高对于坝体应力控制是有利的。     

This land can sustain us: cooperative land use planning on the Oneida Reservation

Land use planning in indigenous communities often takes place within state-based planning initiatives, leaving indigenous governments to serve as token participants. Through these initiatives, state-based governments have the ability to wield their power and control the planning process to the detriment of indigenous governments. This study sets forth an alternative option involving cooperative land use planning practices where neither government controls the planning process. Drawing upon a case study of the Oneida Reservation in Wisconsin, USA, this study explores ways to increase cooperative land use planning relationships between indigenous and state-based governments. As one of the few empirical studies to apply critical planning theory to advocate for increased cooperative land use planning, this paper proposes a series of recommendations that can help indigenous and state-based governments avoid conflicts and work toward cooperative relationships.     

基于时间槽的可降带宽核心网视频业务动态资源预约算法

为了解决未来核心网络中大容量、低延时视频业务的服务质量保证问题,以视频会议业务为例,在基于软件定义网络的核心网络框架下,将视频会议请求解析为多个资源请求,以时间槽为单位进行带宽资源的提前预约,提出一种可降带宽的资源预约算法. 在进行动态资源预约时,若发现在某个时间比例内链路不满足视频业务带宽需要,则采用降带宽的方式进行处理,以避免视频业务在某个较短时间段内因带宽不满足需求而导致预约失败. 仿真实验结果表明：相比不采用降带宽的动态资源算法,该算法能够有效提高视频业务资源预约的成功率,参会方个数越多,时间槽越小,成功率的提升越大.