From Oxadiazole to Triazole Analogues: Optimization toward a Dual Orexin Receptor Antagonist with Improved in vivo Efficacy in Dogs

The orexin system is responsible for regulating the sleep-wake cycle. Suvorexant, a dual orexin receptor antagonist (DORA) is approved by the FDA for the treatment of insomnia disorders. Herein, we report the optimization efforts toward a DORA, where our starting point was (5-methoxy-4-methyl-2-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-phenyl)-{(S)-2-[5-(2-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-3-yl]-pyrrolidin-1-yl}methanone ( 6 ), a compound which emerged from our in-house research program. Compound 6 was shown to be a potent, brain-penetrating DORA with in vivo efficacy similar to suvorexant in rats. However, shortcomings from low metabolic stability, high plasma protein binding (PPB), low brain free fraction (f_u brain), and low aqueous solubility, were identified and hence, compound 6 was not an ideal candidate for further development. Our optimization efforts addressing the above-mentioned shortcomings resulted in the identification of (4-chloro-2-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl-phenyl)-{(S)-2-methyl-2-[5-(2-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl]-pyrrolidin-1-yl}l-methanone ( 42 ), a DORA with improved in vivo efficacy compared to 6 .     

基于双声表面波器件的引信加速度传感器

In view of the shortcomings of silicon micro acceleration sensor based on piezoresistive effect and capacitance principle, such as temperature drift, low resolution and poor anti-interference ability, a fuze acceleration sensor based on dual SAW devices is proposed. The sensor adopts a dual saw device structure, one is coated with a sensitive film for measurement, the other is an uncoat- ed reference channel for compensation of environmental temperature, pressure, humidity and other factors. The experimental results show that the maximum linear error is only 1.6%, the sensitivity is 54.3Hz/g, and the maximum hysteresis error is less than 1%. Compared with piezoresistive accelerometer and capacitive accelerometer, the linear error of the accelerometer is small, the sensitivi- ty is high, and it has strong anti-interference ability.     

Large neighborhood search for the bike request scheduling problem

This paper introduces an efficient algorithm for the bike request scheduling problem (BRSP). The BRSP is built around the concept of request, defined as the pickup or dropoff of a number of identical items (bikes) at a specific station, within a certain time window, and with a certain priority. The aim of the BRSP is to sequence requests on (and hence determine the routes of) a set of vehicles, in such a way that the sum of the priorities of the executed requests is maximized, all time windows are respected, and the capacity of the vehicles is not exceeded. The generation of the set of requests is explicitly not a part of the problem definition of the BRSP. The primary application of the BRSP, from which it derives its name, is to determine the routes of a set of repositioning vehicles in a bike sharing system, although other applications exist. The algorithm introduced in this paper is based on a set of related greedy randomized adaptive search procedure followed by variable neighborhood descent (GRASP + VND) operators embedded in a large neighborhood search (LNS) framework. Since this paper presents the first heuristic for the BRSP, a computational comparison to existing approaches is not possible. We therefore compare the solutions found by our LNS heuristic to those found by an exact solver (Gurobi). These experiments confirm that the proposed algorithm scales to realistic dimensions and is able to find near‐optimal solutions in seconds.     

Dual pH‐ and thermal‐responsive nanocomposite hydrogels for controllable delivery of hydrophobic drug baicalein

Hydrogels have been widely used as mild biomaterials due to their bio‐affinity, high drug loading capability and controllable release profiles. However, hydrogel‐based carriers are greatly limited for the delivery of hydrophobic payloads due to the lack of hydrophobic binding sites. Herein, nano‐liposome micelles were embedded in semi‐interpenetrating poly[(N‐isopropylacrylamide)‐co‐chitosan] (PNIPAAm‐co‐CS) and poly[(N‐isopropylacrylamide)‐co‐(sodium alginate)] (PNIPAAm‐co‐SA) hydrogels which were responsive to both temperature and pH, thereby establishing tunable nanocomposite hydrogel delivery systems. Nano‐micelles formed via the self‐assembly of phospholipid could serve as the link between hydrophobic drug and hydrophilic hydrogel due to their special amphiphilic structure. The results of transmission and scanning electron microscopies and infrared spectroscopy showed that the porous hydrogels were successfully fabricated and the liposomes encapsulated with baicalein could be well contained in the network. In addition, the experimental results of response release in vitro revealed that the smart hydrogels showed different degree of sensitiveness under different pH and temperature stimuli. The results of the study demonstrate that combining PNIPAAm‐co‐SA and PNIPAAm‐co‐CS hydrogels with liposomes encapsulated with hydrophobic drugs is a feasible method for hydrophobic drug delivery and have potential application prospects in the medical field. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry     

车辆自组织网络中新型NP-CSMA随机多址协议研究分析

智能交通的出现使得车辆自组织网络受到越来越多的关注。车辆自组织网络的动态拓扑结构变化非常剧烈,这对网络的吞吐率、传输速率等性能提出了很高的要求。提出1种具有握手机制协议的自适应多通道双时钟NP-CSMA随机多址接入协议。该协议首先区分2种P-CSMA协议,握手机制成功解决了隐藏的终端问题,双时钟机制减少了平均空闲时间,多通道机制增加通道数量和划分用户优先级的同时提高了系统吞吐率,自适应机制能够使系统在高负载下保持稳定吞吐率。还对该协议的传输速率进行了分析,得出该协议的传输速率相对较高的结论。通过平均周期方法推导吞吐率和传输速率的计算公式,仿真结果与理论推导一致。     

一种外LET柔顺半铰的动力学建模与分析

对一种外LET柔顺半铰进行建模与动力学特性分析。采用斜率不连续的绝对节点坐标法（ANCF）建立了该柔顺半铰系统动力学方程；对外力作用下半铰中心线和外轮廓的运动变形进行仿真，与实验结果对比，证明了绝对节点坐标法对柔顺半铰动力学建模的有效性；进一步分析了半铰外形尺寸变化对其变形规律的影响。     

限制失真的网格参数化方法

针对当前网格参数化效率较低、映射失真较严重的问题，提出一种限制失真的网格参数化方法。首先，预处理原始网格模型。输入原3D网格模型，采用Half-Edge数据结构来重新组织网格并切割网格模型产生相应的切缝；构建Tutte映射把3D网格映射到一个2D凸多边形域，即构建2D网格模型。然后，进行限制失真的网格参数化计算。将Tutte映射后的2D网格模型作为限制失真计算的初始数据，建立相对于原3D模型网格的失真度量函数；求得该度量函数的最小值点，即为映射后的网格坐标集合；将映射后的网格作为限制失真映射的输入网格，设定迭代终止条件，循环迭代直至迭代结束，得到收敛的最优网格坐标；在计算映射失真度时，针对等距映射失真采用Dirichlet能量函数度量，针对共形映射失真采用尽可能等距（MIPS）能量函数度量；在求解映射失真度量函数的最小值点时采用代理函数法结合组合牛顿法的最优解方法。最终，实现了该方法并开发了一个原型系统。在原型系统中，分别设计了限制等距失真和限制共形失真的网格参数化实验，对程序执行时间和失真能量下降情况进行了统计和对比，提供了相应的纹理映射效果展示。实验数据表明，所提出的方法执行效率高、映射失真能量下降快，最优值收敛质量稳定；纹理映射时纹理着色均匀、布局紧致、线条均匀，符合实际应用的标准。     

A dual Newton strategy for tree‐sparse quadratic programs and its implementation in the open‐source software treeQP

This paper presents a dual Newton scheme for tree‐sparse quadratic programs as they may arise in the field of stochastic programming. Previous work suggests to introduce auxiliary variables to decompose the tree into scenarios and use Newton's method to solve a dual problem formulation. Following a different approach, we apply the same principle directly on the tree‐sparse problem, avoiding the increase in dimensionality. In combination with a tailored algorithm for the calculation of the step direction, which is typically the most expensive operation per iteration, the proposed algorithm achieves a linear complexity in the number of nodes and supports parallel processing of the tree branches in a stage‐wise fashion. An open‐source implementation of the presented dual Newton strategy is publicly available in treeQP , a toolbox of open‐source solvers for tree‐sparse quadratic programs.