我国营养包生产企业检测能力和产品质量现状评估

目的对营养包生产企业实验室的检测能力进行考察并对产品质量进行评估。方法抽取国内6家主要生产企业产品,参照CNAS-GL 005技术要求,制备考核样并检验其均匀性。在6家企业实验室进行室间比对,检测指标维生素A、维生素D_3、维生素B_1、维生素B_2、钙、铁、锌分别参照国标方法GB 5009.82-2016、GB 5009.82-2016、GB 5009.84-2016、GB 5009.85-2016、GB 5009.92-2016、GB 5009.90-2016、GB 5009.14-2017。结果通过单因素方差分析判别,考核样混合均匀;依据考核样检测结果进行Z评分,参与评估的6家企业检测能力均为"满意";实际产品检测结果与GB 22570-2014相比,除了1号实验室的产品2的钙元素结果含量略高于标准上限,其他含量均在国标许可范围内。结论我国主要的营养包生产企业基本具备把控产品质量的检测能力,抽检产品必需成分的含量符合GB 22570-2014相关指标限定值。     

放射性物品运输容器防脆性断裂安全设计方法探讨

本文主要介绍了基于断裂力学的运输容器防脆性断裂安全设计,重点研究了防脆断条件中应力强度因子的计算方法。经分析,可以得出如下结论:RCC-M第Ⅰ卷附录ZG中的应力强度因子计算考虑了应力非线性分布和塑性区的影响,考虑因素比较全面,推荐采用。     

计及Spark和属性权重的售电套餐推荐方法

针对电力市场用户群庞大，交易过程中售电套餐选择困难的问题，在Spark环境下设计了一种售电套餐推荐方法，同时也解决了售电套餐推荐过程中在大数据环境下的可扩展性及实时性问题。首先，计算出每个套餐属性的权重值，从而计算得到售电套餐综合相似度。然后，计及用户和套餐两方面提出一种售电套餐推荐方法，实现售电套餐的精准推荐。实验表明，提出的推荐方法能够明显提高推荐的准确度，并且在分布式环境下具有良好的推荐效率和可扩展性。     

采用吸气管过热度调节的户式空气源采暖空调热水三用机

简要介绍户式空气源采暖空调热水三用机的项目背景、技术原理、技术路线。针对三用机的特殊技术要求,首次提出吸气管过热度的定义以及采用电子膨胀阀PID调节吸气管过热度的新概念,利用该调节方法研制一台三用机,并按行业标准进行型式试验检测。测试结果表明,三用机达到国标的节能等级,并可高效制热、低温采暖,以及实现高效率的采暖、空调、热水、空调＋热水等功能。     

Development of a cross-section based streamflow routing package for MODFLOW

It is challenging to simulate stream-aquifer interactions for the wide channel streams with the existing stream routing packages of MODFLOW. To overcome this limitation, a Cross-Section streamflow Routing (CSR) package is developed to simulate the streamflow and the interaction between streams and aquifers for the stream with a width larger than the MODFLOW grid size. In the CSR package, streams are divided into stream segments which are formed by two consecutive cross-sections. A cross-section is described by a number of streambed points that determine the geometry and hydraulic properties of the streambed. The stream water depth and streamflow at the cross-sections are related by the Single Channel method, the Divided Channel method, a data table or a power function. A rapid algorithm is used to compute the submerged area of the MODFLOW grid. The streambed conductance of a grid cell is computed based on its submerged area, streambed hydraulic conductivity and thickness. Stream-aquifer seepage is subsequently estimated as the product of the streambed conductance and difference between the stream stage and groundwater hydraulic head. Stream-aquifer seepage is treated as lateral flow in the streamflow routing computation with the Muskingum-Cunge method or mass conservation method. A hypothetical problem is established to test the capabilities of the CSR package with steady- and transient-state models. The results compare favorably with the SFR2 package and the HEC-RAS model. However, significant difference in flood wave attenuation is observed between the CSR package and the SFR2 package. It proves that the CSR package is capable of simulating the variation of stream-aquifer interactions in both space and time efficiently. The CSR package represents a certain improvement over previous MODFLOW streamflow packages by providing the efficient cross-section based computation and the unique capability of simulating streambed heterogeneity in longitudinal and transverse directions.     

An Enthusiastic Sceptic

Nat Oppenheimer , principal of structural engineers Robert Silman Associates, is a dissenting voice among the advocates of building information modelling (BIM) - an enthusiastic sceptic. Could the quest for integration be leading towards oversimplification rather than customisation and differentiation? Even towards the sort of standardisation adopted with LEED ratings in the quest for sustainability? Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

制造数据服务封装相关问题探讨

随着先进制造技术以及先进计算机技术的不断发展,网络化制造的某些不足得到一定程度的弥补,在此基础上提出了"制造网格"的概念,文章主要针对制造数据资源封装结构设计几点技术问题进行探讨,对于我国制造网络化发展具有一定帮助。     

Ambient oxygen ingress rate method—an alternative method to Ox‐Tran for measuring oxygen transmission rate of whole packages

The ambient oxygen ingress rate method (AOIR) is an alternative method to Ox‐Tran for measuring the oxygen transmission rates (OTR) of whole packages. The objective of the present work was (a) to compare OTR values obtained by the two methods, and (b) to evaluate the use of the AOIR method for measuring OTR at realistic food storage temperatures and humidity levels. The AOIR method gave equal OTR values compared to the Ox‐Tran method for the five different types of whole packages used in the experiment, with OTR values in the range 0.06–1.48 ml O₂/day. The repeatability of the AOIR method measured on an HDPE bottle was ±2.6% of the measured value in this experiment. This is slightly higher than the general specifications of the Ox‐Tran method (1% of reading for packages). However, the AOIR method can be considered to be a reliable, precise and cheap alternative method to the Ox‐Tran method for measuring OTR of whole packages. The capacity of the method is also high. The AOIR method showed satisfactory results when comparing OTR for packages tested under realistic food storage conditions covering 23°C/50% relative humidity (RH) and at 4°C/60% RH on the outside, combined with water (100% RH) or dry air inside the packages. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Failure analysis of leakage current in plastic encapsulated packages

Plastic encapsulated packages exhibit high leakage currents after a few hundred hours in the steam pressure pot test (SPP). The present study investigates two possible causes of leakage current. These are: (a) mold compound, (b) the polyimide tape used for co-planarity of lead frame fingers. The results of this study indicate that the leakage cur-rent is independent of the frame and is not caused by the mold compound. The data indicates that it is the ionic content and acrylic-based adhesive layer of the polyimide tape which cause the leakage current. To eliminate the leakage current, polyimide tape with low ionic content and non acrylic-based adhesive should be used. *Permanent address: School of Physics, Universiti Sains Ma-laysia, 11800 USM Penang, Malaysia.     

基于Minitab DOE的铝丝楔焊键合工艺参数优化

为提高国产陶瓷外壳用于铝丝楔焊键合的可靠性和产品质量,利用Minitab统计软件对一种封装形式为CQFP84的国产陶瓷外壳用于铝丝楔焊键合的工艺参数进行试验设计,并对试验结果进行直观分析和方差分析。讨论过键合功率、键合压力、键合时间及超声功率缓慢上升时间(Ramp)对键合拉力的影响及其显著程度。试验研究表明第2段参数的键合压力、第2段参数的键合功率及第1段参数的Ramp对键合拉力值有显著影响,以键合拉力为参考指标,得到了较优的键合工艺参数,通过验证试验键合拉力相比工艺参数优化前有明显提高,分散度也有明显改善,达到了提高产品可靠性的目标。