Synthesis and characterization of a long side-chain double-cation crosslinked anion-exchange membrane based on poly(styrene-b-(ethylene-co-butylene)-b-styrene)

By choosing a triple block polymer, poly(styrene-b-(ethylene-co-butylene)-b-styrene) (SEBS), as the backbone and adopting a long side-chain double-cation crosslinking strategy, a series of SEBS-based anion-exchange membranes (AEMs) was successively synthesized by chloromethylation, quaternization, crosslinking, solution casting, and alkalization. The 70C16-SEBS-TMHDA membrane showed high OH⁻ conductivity (72.13 mS/cm at 80 °C) and excellent alkali stability (only 10.86% degradation in OH⁻ conductivity after soaking in 4-M NaOH for 1700 h at 80 °C). Furthermore, the SR was only 9.3% at 80 °C and the peak power density of the H₂/O₂ single cell was up to 189 mW/cm² at a current density of 350 mA/cm² at 80 °C. By introducing long flexible side chains into a polymer SEBS backbone, the structure of the hydrophilic–hydrophobic microphase separation in the membrane was constructed to improve the ionic conductivity. Additionally, network crosslinked structure improved dimensional stability and mechanical properties.     

Estimates of pollutant temporal and spatial variability in commercial buildings from the joint urban 2003 field experiments

In this paper, we report on the indoor concentrations from a suite of full-scale outdoor tracer-gas point releases conducted in the downtown area of Oklahoma City in 2003. A point release experiment consisted of releases of sulfur hexafluoride (SF₆) in multiple buildings and from different outdoor locations. From the measurements, we are able to estimate the concentration variations indoors for a building operating under “typical” operating conditions. The mean indoor spatial coefficients of variation are 30% to 45% from a daytime outdoor release are around 80% during an outdoor evening release. Having estimates of the spatial coefficient of variation provides stakeholders, including first responders, with the likely range of concentrations in the building when little is known about the building characteristics and operating behavior, such as developing urban-scale hazard and consequence analyses. We show differences in indoor measurements at different distances to the release points, floors of the building, and heating, ventilation, and air conditioning system (HVAC) operation. We also show estimates at different time resolutions. The statistics show that in the studied medium to large commercial buildings, spatial differences would result in peak indoor concentrations in certain parts of the buildings that may be substantially higher than the building average. To our knowledge, very few tracer gas measurements have been conducted in buildings of this scope, particularly with measurements on multiple floors and within a floor. The resulting estimates of spatial variability provide a unique opportunity for hazard assessment, and comparison to multi-zone models.     

陈四楼煤矿“123456双重预防体系”的建设与应用

针对煤矿“双重预防体系”如何落地生根问题，结合陈四楼煤矿在风险分级管控和隐患排查治理方面的实用方法和“双重预防体系”的建设经验，深入研究了“双重预防体系”的相关标准、风险隐患事故之间的关系及其各自的产生和发展机理、安全风险的有关辨识评估方法、事故隐患的排查和治理方法，分析了传统安全管理模式与“双重预防体系”的新型安全管理模式的差别，总结出了“123456双重预防体系”这个囊括了事前安全风险辨识、事中隐患排查治理、事后安全现状评估的创新成果，实现了“事前、事中、事后”的全过程控制，对夯实煤矿安全管理根基、促进矿井平稳有序发展发挥着越来越重要的作用，为煤炭行业“双重预防体系”的落地生根提供了借鉴和参考。     

ATSP:时态网络可视化的自适应时间片划分方法

现有的时态网络可视化方法大多采用等量时间片来可视化网络的演变，不利于时态模式的快速挖掘和发现。为此，根据时态网络固有的特征提出自适应时间片划分方法（Adaptive Time Slice Partition method，ATSP）。在时态网络的两种表示方式（基于事件的表示方式和基于快照的表示方式）的基础上，构建了ATSP的基础模型，同时提出了一种改进模型用来描述事件间隔时间服从长尾分布的时态网络。为了实现时间片的不等量划分，针对探索任务的不同提出了基于时态模式的ATSP规则和基于中心节点的ATSP规则，并提出了实现算法--层次划分算法（Hierarchical Partition algorithm，HP）和增量划分算法（Incremental Partition algorithm，IP）。实验结果表明，ATSP方法比传统的时间片划分方法更能准确地表示网络的时态特征，且该方法应用于可视化时，能有效归纳并展示网络的特征，明显提高了视觉分析的效率。     

Differences between oculomotor and perceptual artifacts for temporally limited head mounted displays

We used perceptual and oculomotor measures to understand the negative impacts of low (phantom array) and high (motion blur) duty cycles with a high‐speed, AR‐likehead‐mounted display prototype. We observed large intersubject variability for the detection of phantom array artifacts but a highly consistent and systematic effect on saccadic eye movement targeting during low duty cycle presentations. This adverse effect on saccade endpoints was also related to an increased error rate in a perceptual discrimination task, showing a direct effect of display duty cycle on the perceptual quality. For high duty cycles, the probability of detecting motion blur increased during head movements, and this effect was elevated at lower refresh rates. We did not find an impact of the temporal display characteristics on compensatory eye movements during head motion (e.g., VOR). Together, our results allow us to quantify the tradeoff of different negative spatiotemporal impacts of user movements and make subsequent recommendations for optimized temporal HMD parameters.     

Heavy rare earths,permanent magnets,and renewable energies: An imminent crisis

This article sounds the alarm that a significant build-out of efficient lighting and renewable energy technologies may be endangered by shortages of rare earths and rare earth permanent magnets. At the moment, China is the predominant supplier of both and its recent rare earth industrial policies combined with its own growing demand for rare earths have caused widespread concern. To diversify supplies, new mining—outside of China—is needed. But what many observers of the “rare earth problem” overlook is that China also dominates in (1) the processing of rare earths, particularly the less abundant heavy rare earths, and (2) the supply chains for permanent magnets. Heavy rare earths and permanent magnets are critical for many renewable energy technologies, and it will require decades to develop new non-Chinese deposits, processing capacity, and supply chains. This article clarifies several misconceptions, evaluates frequently proposed solutions, and urges policy makers outside of China to undertake measures to avert a crisis, such as greater support for research and development and for the cultivation of intellectual capital.     

天然气产业链下游市场风险评价模型探讨

随着我国天然气主干管网的逐步形成，天然气产业链下游市场正在进入快速成长阶段，建立风险预警系统的重要性开始显现，而风险评价模型是其基础工作之一。文章在天然气产业链下游区域市场风险评价指标体系的基础上，综合运用层次分析法和灰色系统理论，建立了对天然气产业链下游区域市场风险评价的模型，并以各区域市场的用气量占全国总用气量的比重为权重，建立起完整的市场风险评价模型，可为评价天然气产业链下游市场整体市场风险时参考。     

一个基于PE分层技术的电子政务网络平台

电子政务网络建设的主要目标就是建立一个开放的、基于标准的统一网络平台，并在该平台上实现政府不同部门之间的信息交换和资源共享，同时保证各部门信息的独立和安全。通过介绍电子政务网络建设中的主流技术——MPLSVPN，提出了一种基于该技术原理的PE分层技术，详细讨论了基于该分层技术的电子政务网络平台的实现过程和主要技术，并对其性能参数进行了测试与分析。     

区域水土特性参数时空变异分布特征及相关分析

作者应用地质统计学原理与方法,在山东簸箕李引黄灌区开展大尺度区域水土特性参数时空变异性的研究,描述农田排水、地下水、表层土壤中含盐量的空间与时间变化分布趋势和特征,分析其间存在的相关关系。结果表明,在一个完整的水文循环年内,研究区域的水土特性参数之间具有相近的空间变异分布状态和特点,但却表现出不同的时间变异分布趋势与特征。农田排水和表层土壤的含盐量随季节变化的分布状态在灌区上、下游相对稳定,在中游却变化明显;地下水的盐分浓度在整个灌区的分布状况没有呈现出明显的时间变异性。在春季至初夏时段内,农田排水中含盐量的增加似乎对地下水水质的影响较小,而对表层土壤积盐状况影响较大。研究成果为灌区制定合理的水资源利用与农田水土管理策略提供了理论依据。     

灰色关联分析法在油气管道半定量风险评价中的应用

肯特(W．kent Muhlbauer)管道风险评价法是一种半定量风险评价法,但是该方法在我国还处在起步阶段,其理论基础和应用技术都很不完善。为了有效处理评分中存在的主观性和不确定性因素,已经把模糊综合评判法引入到管道风险评价中。但是,传统的相对风险值计算还不够准确,为此介绍了灰色关联分析在油气管道半定量风险评价中的应用。通过对影响管道风险的评价指标(因素)体系的综合分析,确定了灰色综合评价的层次结构模型。构建了由第三方破坏指数、腐蚀指数、设计指数、错误指数、介质危险指数5大指标体系构成的管道系统风险综合评价指标体系,并采用层次分析与专家打分相结合的方法计算权重。在油气管道半定量风险评价中应用灰色关联分析法,可以使评价结果更准确。