Lignite oxidative desulphurization: notice 3—process technological aspects and application of products

International Journal of Coal Science & Technology - The study reviews the process of oxidative desulphurization of high-sulphur Ukrainian lignite, which was performed by coal treatment using...     

Systematic processing of iron-ore waste in mining regions

Management of the stepwise processing of iron-ore waste in mining regions ensures rational resource utilization by introducing waste-free and low-waste technologies, with subsequent conversion of the reclaimed land to recreation areas. A procedure that may be used by operational enterprises has been developed, including the sequence of operational steps, charts for tailings recovery and preparation of the equipment, and schedules. The steps run in parallel and include waste processing, recultivation, and the solicitation and selection of proposals for the creation of recreation areas. Waste processing and land reclamation proceed while the enterprise is in operation. The recreation areas go into operation after the enterprise has closed. Management of the stepwise processing of iron-ore waste at enterprises that have closed involves the development of funding sources for waste processing and land reclamation: this will include sale of the existing resources (buildings and equipment) and approaches to outside investors, including the state. With insufficient funding, some of the iron-ore waste may be used as construction materials or filler in the reclamation program. Management of the stepwise processing of iron-ore waste for ongoing projects includes periodic monitoring of the waste generation and damage to the ground cover. Existing technologies for waste utilization and recultivation of the affected land are applied. Periodic monitoring prevents environmental damage. Recreation areas are created while the enterprise is functioning, and go into use after it has closed. On the basis of these management procedures, proposals are made for the introduction of waste-free and low-waste technologies in the Tashtagol region of Kemerovo Oblast. Such technologies are simulated by means of SciLab software. For purposes of selection, the proposals are ranked.     

Molecularly imprinted macroporous polymer monolithic layers for L-phenylalanine recognition in complex biological fluids

In present work, the development of macroporous monolithic layers bearing the artificial recognition sites toward L-phenylalanine has been carried out. The set of macroporous poly(2-aminoethyl methacrylate-co-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) materials with average pore size ranged in 340–1200 nm was synthesized. The applicability of Hildebrand's and Hansen's theories for the prediction of polymer compatibility with porogenic solvents was evaluated. The dependences of average pore size on theoretically calculated parameters were plotted. The linear trend detected for Hansen's theory has indicated the high suitability of this approach to select appropriate porogens. The synthesized monolithic MIP layers were tested toward the ability to rebind phenylalanine-derivative in microarray format. The influence of such factors as average pore size of the material, the concentration of template molecule in polymerization mixture, interaction time of analyte with its imprinted sites on binding efficiency were studied. The developed materials demonstrated good analyte rebinding from buffer solution with recognition factors 2.5–3.4 depending on the MIP sample. The comparable rebinding efficiency was also detected when the analysis was carried using complex biological media. The selectivity of phenylalanine binding from the equimolar mixture of structural analogues was 81.9% for free amino acid and 91.2% for labeled one.     

Design and Synthesis of Polycyclic Imidazole‐Containing N‐ Heterocycles based on C?H Activation/Cyclization Reactions

A new strategy for the synthesis of polycyclic imidazole‐containing N‐heterocycles, based on the two general synthetic ways, namely the Pd(II)‐catalyzed intramolecular arylation via CH/C Hal and CH/CH coupling reactions, was developed. The method proposed here enables the synthesis of many fused N‐heterocycles containing purine, 1‐deazapurines and benzimidazole structural units.     

Digital replicas of historical skirts

Abstract

Digitisation of historical costumes is an actual multidisciplinary area of research that uses science-based methods of reconstruction in virtual reality. The main aim of this study was to create a method for generating numerical replicas of skirts of the late 1850?s and the1860s. We applied two-dimensional and three-dimensional software to parameterise all the elements of the skirts and recreate them layer by layer. Computer modelling allowed us to gain insight into the interrelation between the parameters of cage crinolines, skirt construction and the behaviour of textile materials on the crinoline’s surface. A replica of a historical costume was generated and the similarity between the historical prototype and its replica was proved. The application of computer graphics tools for the reconstruction of the visible and invisible elements of historical costumes can advance their scientific study. The reconstructions can be an effective instrument for teaching, enriching museum collections and producing online presentations.     

NGF Enhances CGRP Release Evoked by Capsaicin from Rat Trigeminal Neurons: Differential Inhibition by SNAP-25-Cleaving Proteases

Nerve growth factor (NGF) is known to intensify pain in various ways, so perturbing pertinent effects without negating its essential influences on neuronal functions could help the search for much-needed analgesics. Towards this goal, cultured neurons from neonatal rat trigeminal ganglia—a locus for craniofacial sensory nerves—were used to examine how NGF affects the Ca²⁺-dependent release of a pain mediator, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), that is triggered by activating a key signal transducer, transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) with capsaicin (CAP). Measurements utilised neurons fed with or deprived of NGF for 2 days. Acute re-introduction of NGF induced Ca²⁺-dependent CGRP exocytosis that was inhibited by botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A) or a chimera of/E and/A (/EA), which truncated SNAP-25 (synaptosomal-associated protein with Mr = 25 k) at distinct sites. NGF additionally caused a Ca²⁺-independent enhancement of the neuropeptide release evoked by low concentrations (<100 nM) of CAP, but only marginally increased the peak response to ≥100 nM. Notably, BoNT/A inhibited CGRP exocytosis evoked by low but not high CAP concentrations, whereas/EA effectively reduced responses up to 1 µM CAP and inhibited to a greater extent its enhancement by NGF. In addition to establishing that sensitisation of sensory neurons to CAP by NGF is dependent on SNARE-mediated membrane fusion, insights were gleaned into the differential ability of two regions in the C-terminus of SNAP-25 (181–197 and 198–206) to support CAP-evoked Ca²⁺-dependent exocytosis at different intensities of stimulation.     

Microstructure and Phase Composition of Ni-Based Alloy Obtained by High-Speed Direct Laser Deposition

Phase composition and structural features of nickel-based alloy EP741 obtained by high-speed direct laser deposition were discussed in the paper. The technology of high-speed direct laser deposition has been successfully applied during the formation of samples with the various operating parameters of the experimental device. The laser power was between 450 and 1200 W, the scanning speed was 1.2 mm/s, the powder feed rate was 45 g/min, and the laser beam diameter was 1.2 mm. The structure and phase composition of the initial material and as-deposited samples were studied using optical and scanning electron microscopy, x-ray analysis and transmission electron microscopy. The investigation has shown that spherical particles of powder (EP741) can be used to form products by additive manufacturing with the presence of additional heat treatment, since almost all the as-deposited samples obtained do not contain cracks, and large volume of pores was observed only in the sample obtained with the power of 450 W. In addition, the phase composition of the as-deposited samples showed a high content of precipitating phase Ni₃(Al, Ti) in matrix, which is coherent to the solid solution based on nickel. In theory, the presence of Ni₃(Al, Ti) phase corresponds to the heat-treated nickel-base alloy obtained by standard methods of processing.