Modelling of electron energy absorption and backscattering during EBW

A three-dimensional heat flux model for deep-penetrating electron beam welding (EBW) is established to mathematically describe the physical heat generation process during interaction between electrons and the dynamic molten pool free surface. Monte Carlo method is used to determine the electron-target interaction, and random distribution of initial electrons, progressive trajectory tracing and electron backscattering models are used to describe the spatial distribution of electrons absorption. The model is verified in preset keyholes and applied in the simulation on electron beam welding process, and the calculated bead shape shows a good consistency with experimental results.     

Effect of cooling rate on the microstructure of electron beam welded joints of two-phase TiAl-based alloy

The analysis of the microstructural characterization and phase composition of electron beam welded joint zones of Ti- 43Al-9V-O. 3Y alloy has been done in this study. The welded seam is mainly composed of B2 phase, the partial γ ＋ α2 twophase lamellar structure and granular γm phase. And the lanthanon Y existed as YAl2 phase and served as grain refined. The impact of different cooling rates on joint microstructure, fracture characteristic and tensile strength were investigated. The high cooling rate restrained the structural transformation and resulted in the ordering structure. The fracture of the joint was brittle cleavage fracture because the ordering structure went against restraining the crack propagation. With the decrease of cooling rate, the transformation amounts of lamellar structure increased, and the fracture presented the layered and crosslayered characteristic.     

QCr0.8/TC4薄板电子束焊接头组织及断裂路径

对QCr0.8/TC4异种材料薄板进行了电子束对接焊接试验.采用光学金相、扫描电镜、能谱分析及X射线衍射相分析等方法,对接头组织结构及相组成进行了分析.并对接头进行了性能测试及断口形貌观察,分析了断裂性质,探讨了断裂路径.结果表明,焊缝由大量的γ-CuTi相、金属间化合物CuTi2,CuTi3及少量的铜基固溶体组成,且靠近铜合金侧存在一层20 μm左右的反应层,推测其可能为Ti2Cu,CuTi,Cu4Ti3,Cu2Ti,Cu3Ti等多种金属间化合物混合层;QCr0.8/TC4的电子束对中焊接性较差,接头断裂发生在焊缝中心的粗晶区,呈明显的解理断裂特征,接头抗拉强度很低,仅为82.1 MPa.     

电弧作用下熔透型TIG熔池液面行为的数值模拟

在正面熔化半径RZ和板厚h一定的条件下,基于对有电弧作用的熔透型TIG焊接熔池三维液面行为的分析,获得了不同背面熔化半径RB的熔池三维形状模型,利用有限元分析软件surface evolver进行数值模拟,研究了电弧对熔透型TIG焊接熔池液面的影响.结果表明,电弧的作用与否对熔池下液面的大小和形状无显著的影响;在背面熔化尺寸较小时(RB≤2.5 mm附近),电弧对上液面特征量有较大作用;电弧的作用从整体上是使熔池上液面压低.在从脉冲基值过渡到脉冲峰值期间,电弧电压(或弧光光强)增加的部分是由电流增加和熔池上液面被压低两部分引起的.     

电子束焊接TiAl基合金接头组织结构及其裂纹产生的敏感性

研究了电子束焊接TiAl基合金Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb (原子分数/%)的接头组织形态及其演化机制,分析了接头区域易产生固态裂纹的原因.研究发现焊缝主要形成柱状枝晶,呈肋骨状分布形态,其微结构为块状γm和少量层片状α2/γ组织.裂纹的形成原因主要归因于冷速过快导致α相分解受到抑制,从而使焊缝区域残余更多的α2相.此外热致应力、α2与γ相间的热膨胀系数的差异以及由此形成的相变应力也对裂纹的产生发挥着重要影响.     

Effect of Al 2 O3 film on weld appearance of stationary electron beam welded aluminum

Aluminum specimens with and without chemically cleaning were welded by electron beam to investigate the effect of、Al ₂ O₃ film on weld appearance. The removal mechanism of Al ₂ O₃ film during vacuum electron beam welding of aluminum was analyzed and the effect of Al ₂ O₃ film on molten pool flow behavior and weld appearance was investigated. The results showed that the weld width of the specimen was enlarged by chemically cleaning. The solid Al ₂ O₃ film transformed into gaseous Al ₂ O via the reaction with liquid aluminum at the temperature higher than 1 350 K was the main reason for the removal of the film. The weld width was narrowed down by the oxide film due to the inhibition of outward flow driven by the surface tension gradient and the drag force between the Al ₂ O₃ film and liquid Al. The weld penetration was reduced in the initial stage and then enhanced in the metastable stage.     

基于热场的铝合金电子束焊缝余高数值模拟

文中基于熔池凝固收缩和补缩理论开发了临界固相率与Niyama判据相结合的余高判据式程序,并采用它对20 mm厚2219高强铝合金未熔透电子束焊焊缝余高产生原因进行了模拟探索和试验验证. 结果表明,焊缝的中上部区域存在有大量凝固阶段未收缩的疏松间隙,这些间隙体积的存在导致了焊缝表面余高的形成. 通过计算和与试验件对比可知,模拟得到的余高尺寸和焊缝体积膨胀率误差分别在11%和23.67%左右,可见采用余高判据式程序能够对焊缝余高的产生进行合理地数值预测.     

电子束定点焊接304不锈钢熔池流动行为数值模拟

基于电子束焊接过程的传热与受力物理过程分析,建立相应模型,对电子束定点焊接304不锈钢的温度场与流场进行数值模拟,研究电子束焊接熔池流动行为及焊缝成形规律.结果表明,电子束加热阶段,熔池上表面温度梯度达到106 K/m,熔池表面峰值温度高,在沸点温度附近波动,强烈的金属蒸汽反作用力成为熔池流动的主要作用力,促使熔池中心下凹并不断波动,熔池冷却凝固阶段,金属蒸汽反作用力下降,熔池金属表面张力梯度引起的Marangoni对流成为熔池金属流动主要驱动力,促使焊缝表面熔宽增大,熔池凝固后焊缝上表面宽度为1.9 mm,中心处宽度为1.6 mm,下表面宽度为1.8 mm.     

电子束点焊熔池的液态金属冲刷效应作用规律

为了更深入地探究电子束焊接过程中的机理问题,基于对电子束点焊熔池中液态金属冲刷效应的理论分析,利用边界层理论对该效应进行数学建模.使用有限体积法数值软件Fluent,对20 mm厚的2219铝合金电子束点焊熔池的温度场和流场进行三维瞬态数值模拟,研究了液态金属冲刷效应对熔池的作用规律.模拟结果表明,液态金属冲刷效应会对熔池温度场、匙孔稳定性、熔池流场和固液界面形状与位置四个方面产生影响.模拟结果与试验结果吻合良好,验证了数学模型的合理性.     

铝锂合金焊接技术的研究现状分析

铝锂合金作为轻质金属材料,具有优良的综合性能,因此应用前景十分广阔.从铝锂合金的焊接性出发,分别对铝锂合金弧焊,高能束焊,搅拌摩擦焊,扩散焊以及钎焊的研究现状进行了讨论.结果表明,采用各种焊接技术均可实现铝锂合金的焊接.分析了采用各种焊接技术焊接铝锂合金时的优势以及不足,并对各种焊接技术所获得接头的性能以及工艺改进措施进行了研究.针对目前各种焊接技术急需解决的问题以及铝锂合金焊接的发展方向,总结出了今后铝锂合金焊接研究的重点内容,并对铝锂合金焊接前景进行了分析与展望.