积分中值屈服准则解析厚板轧制椭圆速度场

为解决非线性Mises比塑性功率积分困难以及由此导致的轧制功率解析式难以获得的问题,本文通过建立并利用线性比塑性功率表达式对提出的椭圆速度场进行能量分析,得到了轧制力能参数的解析解.文中通过对变角度屈服函数求积分中值,构建了一个新的屈服准则,它是主应力分量的线性组合,在π平面上的轨迹是逼近Mises圆的等边非等角的十二边形,其基于Lode参数表达式的理论结果也与实验数据吻合较好.同时,根据厚板轧制时金属流动速度从入口到出口逐渐增大的特点,提出了水平速度分量满足椭圆方程的速度场,该速度场满足运动许可条件.通过相应的轧制能量分析,获得了基于线性屈服准则的内部变形功率以及基于应变矢量内积法上的摩擦功率与剪切功率.在此之上,通过泛函的极值变分导出了轧制力矩、轧制力以及应力状态系数的解析解,并与现场实测数据进行了对比,结果表明利用本文提出的屈服准则与速度场所建立的轧制力矩与轧制力模型与实测值吻合较好,其中轧制力误差小于5.3%,轧制力矩误差在6%左右.     

Physicochemical characteristics,antioxidant capacity and thermodynamic properties of purple-fleshed potatos dried by radio frequency energy

Abstract

The impacts of using radio frequency (RF) energy to dry purple-fleshed potatoes were investigated and compared to infrared radiation (IR) and microwave (MW) drying techniques. The gelatinization rate, color, flavor, morphological, and structural characteristics, thermodynamic properties, as well as antioxidant capacity were examined. The results indicated that the drying time of RF (70?min) and MW (21?min) were shorter than IR (105?min). The gelatinization ratio of MW, RF, and IR were 94.4?±?2.0, 88.3?±?1.4, and 64.5?±?1.1%, respectively. The degree of crystallization of purple-fleshed potato powder decreased with all three drying methods. RF-dried potatoes were able to retain higher polyphenols (loss rate: 4.3%), total anthocyanin (3.7%), and total flavonoid content (35.1%), whereas IR showed the lowest retention. The content of polyphenols also decreased significantly. Furthermore, after RF heating, the scavenging of free radicals was higher compared to MW and IR.     

提高托盘利用效率的重要手段——电子信息化管理

托盘能否有效运用对物流的畅通与否关系重大,这已经引起了国内外专家和学者们的重视,并就此制定了托盘电子信息化管理系统,旨在更合理地使用托盘,推进托盘一体化和共用系统的建立。而RFID技术在托盘的电子信息化管理的应用更将大大提高物流的效率与准确性,托盘电子信息化管理将成为今后托盘管理的趋势。     

蒸汽凝结水除油试验研究

介绍了利用类萃取技术进行蒸汽凝结水除油的过程。利用具有亲油功能的HOL-100树脂,经过试验和工业应用证明,萃取除油可以达到1．0mg/L以下,可满足炼油化工装置锅炉用水对含油量的要求。HOL-100树脂具有在高温状态下(120℃)除油的特点。通过标定考核,萃取除油技术是一项节能、节水、环保措施,可在中石油和中石化企业推广应用。     

Local Enrichment of Active Element Y in Y-modified PVD Films on Mild Steel Substrate

By means of EPMA,SIMS and XTEM tech-niques,the element distribution at the transitionzone of Y-modified ion plated titanium andtitanium nitride film on A3 steel substrate and thevariation of the element content on the surface ofthe evaporation source before and after service werestudied in detail.A mode was proposed in terms ofpreferential evaporation and micro-tunnel trans-portation of Y at the interface of film/substrate.     

泼河水库对潢河径流过程及水文情势的影响

基于淮河流域潢川、淮滨两个水文站1952—2012年的日平均径流数据,采用滑动平均法和Mann-Kendall检验方法分析潢河径流年际变化,采用集中度、集中期、不均匀系数和极值比分析潢河径流年内分布变化,采用IHA法分析泼河水库建成前后潢河河道水文情势的变化。结果表明:泼河水库未对潢河年际径流变化趋势产生显著影响,而对潢河径流的年内分布影响则十分明显,年内分配趋于均匀化,流域生态系统的稳定性有所提升。     

桥梁信息化及智能桥梁2020年度研究进展

以信息化、智能化为特征的数字化时代的到来推动了桥梁工程技术的发展与创新,有必要将云计算、大数据、人工智能、3D打印、机器人等战略性新兴产业技术与桥梁工程相融合,从智能设计、智能施工、智能运维等多个维度,推进桥梁工业化、数字化、智能化升级。本文从桥梁信息化、智能检测与安全运维、智能防灾减灾、智能材料等方面,综述了2020年该领域前沿技术和重要成果,总结了研究热点与前景展望。分析表明：BIM技术可以提升桥梁正向设计精细化水平、施工过程控制和管理准确化程度;无人机、机器人等智能检测技术与机器学习、卷积神经网络等人工智能技术提高了桥梁检测的精度和效率;高性能智能材料的应用促进了桥梁结构的自感知性、自适应性、自调节性和自诊断性;基于人工智能的自然灾害监测与预警为桥梁智能防灾减灾提供了新的发展思路。未来应将人工智能技术深度融合桥梁设计、建造和养护的全生命周期,顺应信息化、智能化的发展趋势,实现桥梁强国梦。     

梯级水库群多目标优化调度规则研究——以溪洛渡-向家坝为例

为完整利用水库群多目标优化调度的非劣前沿信息,提出了一种优化调度函数参数、追求调度结果逼近非劣前沿的新型调度函数提取方法。对于水库群多目标优化调度模型,采用非支配排序多目标优化算法II（NSGA-II）求解,分别获取丰、平、枯典型年的非劣前沿集,将其作为代理模型的训练样本,实现二维非劣前沿的函数表达。采用多元线性构型构建调度函数,以调度结果逼近非劣前沿为目标,优化调度函数的参数项。该方法避免了多目标优化调度函数提取因决策破坏非劣前沿完整性,追求调度结果即为非劣解,在溪洛渡-向家坝水库群得到了验证,成功提取了针对非汛期发电、生态两目标的丰、平、枯典型年调度函数,并在相似来水年份下验证了结果的合理性。     

Review on the effect of heat exchanger tubes on flow behavior and heat/mass transfer of the bubble/slurry reactors

Bubble/Slurry bubble column reactors(BCR/SBCR) are intensively used as multiphase reactors for a wide range of application in the chemical, biochemical and petrochemical industries. Most of these applications involve complicate gas–liquid/gas–liquid–solid flow behavior and exothermic process, thus it is necessary to equip the BCR/SBCR with heat exchanger tubes to remove the heat and govern the performance of the reactor. Amounts of experimental and numerical studies have been carried out to describe the phenomena taking place in BCR/SBCRs with heat exchanger tubes. Unfortunately, little effort has been put on reviewing the experiments and simulations for examining the effect of internals on the performance and hydrodynamics of BCR/SBCR. The objective of this work is to give a state-of-the-art review of the literature on the effects of heat exchanger tubes with different types and configurations on flow behavior and heat/mass transfer, then provide adequate information and scientific basis for the design and the development of heat exchanger tubes in BCR/SBCR, ultimately provide reasonable suggestions for better comprehend the performance of different heat exchanger tubes on hydrodynamics.     

铝合金车轮铸造模具CAD/CAE技术的应用

随着计算机应用技术的发展，CAD/CAE技术已广泛应用于各行各业的设计，主要介绍了铝合金年轮铸造模具上应用CAD/CAE技术的成效。