磁场凝固处理对稀土贮氢合金结构和电化学性能的影响

研究了贮氢合金凝固过程中施加直流磁场处理对其组织结构和电化学性能的影响。结果表明：磁场处理没有改变AB5型贮氢合金的CaCu5型六方体结构，但使晶胞常数α0、c0增加，晶胞体积增大；合金的电化学容量变化不大，却明显改善了其高倍率放电（C）性能和循环寿命，合金在5C的放电容量提高了27．8％，S200由0．68上升到0．81；合金中氢的扩散系数增大。     

以邻甲酚为原料生产水杨醛的工艺改进研究

提出了在以邻甲酚为原料合成水杨醛时产生氯代副产物三——（邻－氯苄基）磷酸酯的解决办法，通过利用沙米尔脱（Ｓｏｍｍｅｌｅｔ）反应，不用分离其不同氯代磷酸酯混合物，直接与六亚甲基四胺反应，使邻甲酚氯化法合成水杨醛产率增加２０％以上。     

Trace amounts of impurities in electrolytic manganese metal by sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

An analytical method, using sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry （SF-ICP-MS） for rapid simultaneous determination of Be, Na, Mg, Si, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Sn, Sb, Pb and Bi in electrolytic manganese metal, was described. At the beginning, the samples were decomposed by HNO3 and H2504, and then analyzed by SF-ICP-MS. Most of the spectral interferences could be avoided by measuring in different mass resolution modes. The matrix effects due to the excess of sulfuric acid and Mn were evaluated. Correction of matrix effects was conducted by using the internal standard elements. The optimum condition for the determination was investigated and discussed. The detection limit is in the range of 0.001-0.169 gg/L. The current method is applied to the determination of trace impurities in electrolytic manganese metal. And experiments show that good results can be obtained much faster, more accurately and conveniently by current method.     

储能材料的研究进展

作为一种新型的清洁能源，氢的廉价制取、安全高效储存与输送及其规模应用，将是今后研究的重点。本文介绍了储氢材料的结构、性能、制备及应用；展望了储氢材料的发展趋势。     

MH/Ni电池失效原因分析

为分析MH/Ni电池失效原因,对失效后的MH/Ni电池进行解剖。对负极进行充放电容量测定、电镜扫描、表面元素分析,对正极进行充放电容量测定、循环伏安分析。结果表明,正负极容量都降低,负极活性物质发生了粉化,元素发生了偏析;氢氧化镍的氧化电位升高,而还原电位降低,电极可逆性变差了。     

Zn对AB5型贮氢合金的影响

研究了Zn替代Co对AB5型MlNi3.6Mn0.4Al0.3Co0.7贮氢合金相结构和电化学性能的影响。Zn替代Co使合金的晶胞参数和体积增大,导致贮氢合金最大放电容量增加,循环稳定性有所下降;随着Zn含量由0增加到0.5,氢的扩散系数由0.31×10-7m2/s增加到3.72×10-7m2/s,交换电流密度由157 mA/g增加到191 mA/g,合金极化电阻由1.23Ω减少到1.01Ω,合金表面电催化活性和高倍率性能得到了改善。     

呋喃甲醛改性壳聚糖铜、钴螯合物电催化性能

合成了呋喃甲醛改性壳聚糖(FCS).将其与一定pH值的含Co2 、Cu2 硝酸铵溶液反应,制得呋喃甲醛改性壳聚糖金属钴、铜的螯合物(CoFCS、CuFCS),采用红外光谱法(IR)对FCS、CoFCS、CuFCS进行了表征.使CoFCS、CuFCS与碳基体混合,在氩气保护一定温度下热处理后,制成空气电极,通过测试极化曲线和放电曲线,研究了它的电催化性能.结果表明,CoFCS/C和CuFCS/C具有良好的氧气还原电催化性能,且CoFCS/C优于CuFCS/C.     

现代计算机辅助技术在MH-Ni电池研究中的应用

采用计算机辅助技术模拟材料的性能是新兴的研究领域 ,经过十多年的研究与发展 ,MH Ni电池领域已经积累了大量的经验和数据 ,利用计算机辅助技术系统研究MH Ni电池已经引起广泛关注。综述了国内外现代计算机辅助技术在MH Ni电池的基础研究和产业化过程中的应用情况 ,主要涉及电池热力学、动力学研究 ,电池理化性能检测 ,电池系统设计 (包括负极用贮氢合金设计、镍正极设计、电池制作 )和电池均匀性研究。充分有效利用现代计算机辅助技术 ,将会大大加快MH Ni电池的研究与产业化发展的步伐。     

贮氢合金粉末粒度对其电化学性能的影响

研究考察了粉末粒度对贮氢合金Ml(Ni3 75Co0 60 Mn0 40 Al0 2 5)电极电化学性能的影响。结果表明 :在不同粒度范围内 ,合金粉的平均粒径越大 ,其 0 2C、1C及 2C放电容量越高 ,达到最高容量的活化次数越少。对于混合合金粉 ,3 7μm以下贮氢合金粉的质量含量为 10 %时 ,其 0 2C、1C及 2C放电容量达到最高值 ,但其达到最高容量的活化次数随着混合合金粉中 3 7μm以下贮氢合金粉的含量的增大而增多。     

Determination of trace multi-elements in coal fly ash by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

The contents of Cr, Cu, Ni, As, Cd and Pb in coal fly ash were determined by a high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry method. The sample digestions were performed in closed microwave vessels with HNO3, HClO4 and HF. The optimum conditions for the determination were obtained. The applicability of the proposed method was validated by the analysis of coal fly ash reference material (NIST SRM 1633a). The results show that most of the spectral interferences can be avoided by measuring in the high resolution mode (maximum mass resolution R=9 000). The detection limit is from 0.05 to 0.21 μg/g, and the precision is fine with relative standard deviation less than 4.3%.