Evaluating Particle Deposition in the Artificial Groundwater Recharge Process by Physical and CT Imaging Experiments

Particle clogging in the artificial groundwater recharge process is one of the main factors influencing the artificial groundwater recharge efficiency, and particle deposition is the microscopic mechanism of the occurrence and development of particle clogging. Particle deposition in porous media changes the pore structure. The computed tomography (CT) scanning technique is a nondestructive testing method and determines the spatial distribution of pores in porous media. This study combines physical and CT scanning experiments to identify the change process of the pore structure in the artificial groundwater recharge process and compares the pore changes during recharge experiments between two columns containing different media. Porous media changes are observed with the CT scanning technique. The fractal theory is applied in the analysis of CT scan images and physical experiment results. The results of this study indicate that particle deposition can be examined by using CT scan images to obtain pore-related parameters, the internal pore structure of porous media determined through CT scan images can be applied in numerical simulation, and a mathematical model for particle deposition calculation in porous media is established. Compared to the physical experiment measurements, the spatial particle deposition information acquired with the CT scanning technique exhibits a higher accuracy and contains much more relevant data. Not only does this research reveal more clearly the particle clogging mechanism which is based on particle deposition, but also characterize, simulate and predict more accurately the development tendency of particle clogging during artificial groundwater recharge.

     

2000—2020年中国地下水开采时空演变特征EI北大核心CSCD

采用Mann-Kendall趋势检验法、重心模型和标准差椭圆法研究了2000—2020年我国地下水开采时间变化特征、空间分布特征和重心迁移过程。结果表明:2000—2020年我国地下水开采量呈现波动性减少趋势,年均递减率为0.83%;华北地区在严格的地下水开采管理、地下水超采综合治理和南水北调工程共同作用下,地下水开采量得以压减,东北地区和西北地区由于黑龙江、新疆农业经济发展,地下水开采量明显增加;我国地下水开采重心主要分布在河北、山西和内蒙古交界处,有向西北方向偏移的趋势,地下水开采空间分布格局由东北—西南方向逐渐偏转为东—西方向,方向性趋势也更为明显。     

Assessment of Sustainable Yield of Karst Water in Huaibei,China

This paper presents the assessment of sustainable yield in the Huaibei karst water area of Anhui province, China. A review of sustainable yield definition is introduced first in this paper, and sustainable development in karst areas is more difficult due to the complicated hydrogeologic conditions. General hydrogeology of the study area is provided to characterize hydraulic connections between the karst aquifer and an overlying porous aquifer. Groundwater level declines continuously due to over-exploitation of the karst groundwater, and two layers of groundwater dropping funnel were formed in Huaibei. These problems not only threaten the eco-geo-environment, but also compromise the water utilization which depends on the shallow porous water. A “critical water level” is proposed in this study to assess the sustainable yield, and it is determined by the historical exploitation data which represent the relationship between the karst water and the shallow porous water uses. A three layer Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model is used to understand the complex relationship of the karst water level and its influencing factors. Precipitation, exploitation and water level of latest period are chosen as the input nodes, seasonal records of water level are simulated by the ANN model. The sustainable yield is calculated by the trail-and-error adjusting method, and is equal to the pumping rate when the “critical water level” is maintained. The rate of 30.05 MCM/a is the sustainable yield for the Huaibei karst area in 2008, and it is less than the real pumping rate of 35.92 MCM/a. This assessment is meaningful to the management for the Huaibei karst water.     

绥化市地下水水化学特征及水质现状评价

为了查明绥化市的地下水环境状况,运用描述性统计、地统计学理论、相关分析、Piper三线图法等对绥化市的地下水水化学特征进行全面分析。在此基础上采用了基于综合赋权的五元联系数法对研究区水质现状进行评价,并且利用秩相关系数法进行水质变化趋势分析。结果表明,研究区地下水略偏酸性,部分水样的水质指标存在超标现象。地下水中Ca 2＋为优势阳离子,HCO 3－为优势阴离子。研究区的铁、锰、氟超标是受原生污染影响,地下水中的Cl－与SO 2－4,Na＋与Mg 2＋存在同一来源。将基于综合赋权的五元联系数法的评价结果与模糊综合评判法相比较,结果表明其评价结果是合理可靠的,符合客观实际。通过秩相关系数法表明研究区地下水水质状况在一定程度上有所改善。     

短历时生态输水条件下的地下水系统响应

为研究短历时生态输水条件下的湿地生态系统响应,以黄河三角洲为例,分析总结了水文地质概念模型,采用Visual Modflow软件构建了短历时生态补水的地下水流数值模型,从地下水水量和水位两方面分析刁口河尾闾生态核心区补水时的地下水系统响应过程及影响范围.结果表明,短历时生态补水条件下周边地区地下水系统响应显著,为该地区生态输水提供了依据.     

近40年可鲁克湖-托素湖面积变化及影响因素分析

以位于青海省德令哈市境内的可鲁克湖-托素湖为研究对象,利用美国地质调查局自1973年-2013年的多年遥感影像,运用目视解译和改进的归一化差异水体指数方法提取可鲁克湖和托素湖的面积值,分析其变化特征,结合德令哈市的降水、气温、蒸发、径流、农业灌溉耗水资料,对影响湖泊面积变化的因素进行初步探讨。结果表明,可鲁克湖的面积大致保持不变,托素湖的面积自1973年以来呈现先减小又增大的趋势,降水量呈增加趋势,可以认为湖泊面积变化受降水的影响较小,可鲁克湖的面积主要受蒸发、气温和上游巴音河径流量的影响,但其影响存在明显的滞后性。上游农业耗水量是间接影响托素湖面积变化的主要因素,气温的变化通过影响蒸发量和上游冰雪融水间接影响托素湖的面积。     

CrossView插件在绘制水文地质图中的应用

针对水文地质剖面图绘制工作中常用的商业绘图软件和各种基于AutoCAD、GIS等二次开发软件存在的问题,引入了一种新的基于ArcGIS的剖面图绘制插件CrossView,结合ArcMap工作空间实现了图形数据和属性数据的关联,制图简单、快捷,可在水文地质图绘制中推广应用。     

高温高压裂缝性致密砂岩气藏水锁伤害及解除

针对塔里木油田库车山前裂缝性致密砂岩气藏水锁伤害问题,通过室内实验评价、微观机理论证和现场生产分析,在储层高温高压下开展水锁伤害程度和解除措施研究,明确高温高压下的水锁伤害率为7.5%～40.8%,伤害程度为无-中等偏弱;添加防水剂只能小幅度降低水锁,不能消除水锁,但水锁可随生产自动解除。对水锁伤害和解除取得的新认识有效支撑了库车山前改造液体系的优化,现场应用降本增效显著。      

长江江苏段河床沉积物渗透系数试验研究

针对由特征粒径推求渗透系数的经验公式均具有局限性的问题,以长江江苏段河床沉积物为例, 对其进行颗粒分析,得到沉积物的粒组成分及有关特征粒径,采用Darcy渗透试验测定沉积物的渗透系数 为0.2～5.0 m/d,并对河床沉积物的渗透系数与特征粒径进行回归分析。结果表明,渗透系数与特征粒 径d10之间存在显著的二次函数关系,所建立的回归公式能较好地应用于长江江苏段河道。     

基岩裂隙水研究现状与展望

针对基岩裂隙水既是宝贵资源但又对大型地下工程建设构成威胁,在综合分析国内外基岩裂隙研究成果的基础上,从概念、类型、基本特征、富集理论、运动机理和模型等方面论述了基岩裂隙水的研究现状和热点,针对生产应用实际列举了寻找、勘探基岩裂隙水的技术和方法,展望了拟深入研究的趋势,为基岩裂隙水运动理论的研究奠定了基础.