碎屑岩储层类拟的３Ｄ描述———从３ＤＧＰＲ数据到３Ｄ流体渗透率模型

3D 10 0MHz探地雷达 (GPR)数据体是在犹他州中东部Ferron砂岩中现场描述河流相储层特征的基础。我们用GPR反射时间 ,通过 3D速度估计和深度偏移 ,对边界曲面成像。同时利用 3D振幅属性生成一个从地表到地下 12m深的关于内部构造的大小、方位和几何形状的地质统计模型。通过克里金法和从GPR数据导出的 3D相关结构对每种沉积学因素赋予一个实际的流体渗透率分布 ,并以岩心中及附近悬崖壁提取的岩栓中实测的渗透率对它们进行约束。 3DGPR图像表明 ,GPR的相变化可以解释为沉积学边界曲面 ,即使边界曲面与强GPR反射面不相关 ,这种解释也成立。该地区有两种主要的沉积体系。上部 5m内为河槽交错层理砂岩 ,平均渗透率约为 40md ,最大相关长度约为 (5 .5～ 12 .5 )× (3 .5～ 8.0 )× (0 .2～ 1.5 )m ;下部 7m为河流冲填沉积 ,随着粘土含量的增加 ,平均渗透率从约 3 0md变化为约 5md ,最大相关长度约为 (4 .0～ 12 .5 )× (3 .0～ 10 .0 )× (0 .5～ 1.0 )m。这些结构适合于用于流体流动模拟的输入     

利用置信规则库构建WSN节点故障检测模型

在无线传感器网络(wireless sensor network, WSN)节点故障检测领域的研究过程中,故障检测准确率会受节点数据的不确定性和专家知识模糊性的影响。针对这一问题,本文提出了一种基于置信规则库(belief rule base, BRB)的WSN节点故障检测方法。首先,根据WSN工作原理及节点工作特性描述WSN节点故障检测过程;然后,从空间和时间2个维度对节点数据提取特征,建立基于空间和时间相关性的WSN节点故障检测模型;最后,利用Intel Lab Data无线传感器数据集进行案例研究以验证模型的有效性。结果证明,本文方法能够统筹利用专家知识和节点数据实现WSN节点故障检测。     

合肥环境空气中 PM2．5的影响因素和时空分布

针对合肥市环境空气中的 PM2．5污染,使用残差分析、相关系数等方法,建立多元线性回归、污染指数、改进的高斯等模型,运用 Matlab、Eviews、Surfer 等软件,对数据进行处理,得出结论：1）影响 PM2．5浓度的主要影响因素是 CO、PM10的浓度;2）该地区 PM2．5的时空分布和传播规律为沿市区向周围污染逐渐降低;3）自然因素对 PM2．5的传播主要受到风速、温度的影响且随着温度升高污染程度降低,风速越大污染程度越高。     

Effect of interlayer on structure and performance of anode-supported SOFC single cells

To lower the operating temperatures in solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) operations, anode-supported SOFC single cells with a single dip-coated interlayer were fabricated and the effect of the interlayer on the electrolyte structure and the electrical performance was investigated. For the preparation of SOFC single cells, yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte, NiO-YSZ anode, and 50% YSZ-50% strontium-doped lanthanum manganite (LSM) cathode were used. In order to characterize the cells, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were utilized and the gas (air) permeability measurements were conducted for gas tightness estimation. When the interlayer was inserted onto NiO-YSZ anode, the surface roughness of anode was diminished by about 40% and dense crack-free electrolytes were obtained. The electrical performance was enhanced remarkably and the maximum power density was 0.57W/cm(2) at 800 degrees C and 0.44W/cm(2) at 700 degrees C. On the other hand, the effect of interlayer on the gas tightness was negligible. The characterization study revealed that the enhancement in the electrical performance was mainly attributed to the increase of ion transmission area of anode/electrolyte interface and the increase of ionic conductivity of dense crack-free electrolyte layer.     

Phase calibration and applications of a liquid-crystal spatial light modulator

A simple phase-characterization method for spatial light modulators is proposed. The low-cost method permits high-precision measurement and provides data for the setting of the spatial-light-modulator operating point in the phase-modulation mode. The dynamic phase response is used to perform efficient kinoform recording. In order to record the kinoform, we modify the global iterative coding to compute phase holograms. Finally, modified phase-phase correlation is introduced. The phase-phase correlator permits sharper correlation peaks, better energy transmission, and higher discrimination than an amplitude-phase correlation. Optical experimental results are presented.     

Intraoperative tumor detection: relative performance of single-element, dual-element, and imaging probes with various collimators

Accurate tumor staging depends on finding all tumor sites, and curative surgery requires the removal of ail cancerous tissue from those sites. One technique for locating tumors is to inject patients before surgery with a radiotracer that is preferentially taken up by cancerous tissue. Then, an intraoperative gamma-sensitive probe is used to locate the tumors. Small (<1-cm diameter) tumors, often undetectable by external imaging and by the standard surgical inspection with sight and touch, can be found with probes, Simple calculations and measurements with radioactive tumor models show that small tumors should be detected by single-element probes, but often such probes fail to detect these small tumors in practice. This discrepancy is often caused by the use of a uniform background to predict probe performance, Real backgrounds are nonuniform and can decrease probe performance dramatically. Dual-element, coincidence, or imaging probes may solve the background problem. The authors devised a method to predict probe performance in a realistic background which includes variations in normal organ uptakes. They predict the relative performance of both existing probes and those in the design stage so that optimal detector and collimator configurations can be determined. The procedure includes a Monte-Carlo-calculated point-response function, a numerical torso phantom, and measured biodistributions of a monoclonal antibody. The Hotelling Trace Value, a measure of tumor-detection performance, is computed from the probe responses in simulated studies.