Oncogene rearrangement in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with a 14q+ chromosome of unknown origin

Southern blot analysis was performed with a panel of DNA probes to detect rearrangements of c-myc, bcl-1, bcl-2 and bcl-3 in 14 cases of B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) with a clonal cytogenetic rearrangement involving the chromosome 14q32 locus and no known donor chromosome [t(14;?)(q32;?)]. In our experience, 21% of all chromosomal abnormalities involving the 14q32 locus in B-cell NHL are of this type. We found oncogene rearrangements in five of the 14 cases: bcl-1 rearrangement on one mantle zone lymphoma, bcl-2 rearrangements in two follicular lymphomas, and c-myc rearrangements in two small noncleaved cell lymphomas. We conclude that a 14q32+ abnormality of unknown origin is a relatively frequent karyotypic finding in B-cell NHL. In one third of the cases, known oncogenes that have been previously described in reciprocal translocations involving the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus were shown to be involved in the 14q32+ abnormality. The translocations in the other cases are likely to have involved one of the above oncogenes with breakpoints not revealed by the probes employed, other known oncogenes, or oncogenes that have not yet been identified.     

A recursive algorithm for solving “a secret sharing” problem

Abstract

This paper presents a recursive algorithm for solving “a secret sharing” problem. This problem is one of the unsolved problems in the Second International Students Olympiad in Cryptography (NSUCRYPTO2015). Recently, Geut et al. solved the problem in a special case. We show that our algorithm is able to solve it in general.     

Formula to Get Desired Soil Density

Changing the soil characteristics is a main concern to all civil engineers. Highway and foundation engineers are particularly more concerned with the subject. There are several methods to improve the soil characteristics. One of these methods is to add fine material, which fills the voids between the grains of the soil, helping to make the soil denser, thus gaining high resistance to penetration. This study uses statistical parameters of the soil grains distribution to predict the soil maximum dry density, then uses the fine biasness coefficient to predict the new density of the soil after mixing any amount of fine particles with the original soil. A mathematical formula is developed to make such a prediction. Lab testing results were compared with the results of the prediction. They were found to be in total agreement, and the margin of error was found to be quite low.     

A Comparative Evaluation of Air-Jet Sieve for Particle Size Analysis of Pharmaceutical Powders

The performance of the air-jet sieve (AJS), for the particle size analysis of pharmaceutical powder, was evaluated and compared with the conventional sieve shaker (ESS). Two grades of acetaminophen (APAP) were used as test pharmaceutical powders. The particle size analysis by the AJS was simple, reproducible, efficient and accurate. The problematic powder, possessing excessive electrostatic charges and ranging in mean diameter from 17 nm to 800 nm (beyond the scope of ESS) could be evaluated accurately by AJS. The analysis time required by AJS was relatively less than that required by ESS. The accuracy of the determination by AJS was not affected by the sample size. Both the speed of rotation (vibrations and/or shaking) and the total time of sifting affected the results of the determination by ESS. The particle size value of APAP-special determined by ESS and AJS were 680.0 ± 0.14 nm and 40.0 ± 0.32 respectively, whereas the value assigned by the manufacturer was below 74 nm (-200 mesh). The precision of either method for particle size analysis of powder possessing excessive electrostatic charge was improved by the use of carbon black as an anti-static agent.     

From sustainability to sustainizability

Following the recent introduction of the Sustainability over Sets (SOS) concept as a sustainability analysis tool with broad flexibility in incorporating human input, in this work, the concepts of Sustainizability (SIZ) and Sustainizability over Sets (SIZOS) are introduced, as novel frameworks for sustainable system synthesis. Springing off the conceptual foundation of sustainability, SIZ (and SIZOS) refers to the existence of allowable external actions, and/or design changes that can render sustainable (sustainable over a set) an unsustainable (unsustainable over a set) system. Utilizing earlier mathematical results for SOS, rigorous necessary and sufficient conditions for SIZOS are presented. Two case studies, on a two-dimensional biological waste treatment system, and a three-dimensional food chain system, are then presented to illustrate the developed necessary and sufficient conditions for SIZOS.     

Irradiation of Transition Metal Dichalcogenides Using a Focused Ion Beam: Controlled Single‐Atom Defect Creation

Manipulation and structural modifications of 2D materials for nanoelectronic and nanofluidic applications remain obstacles to their industrial‐scale implementation. Here, it is demonstrated that a 30 kV focused ion beam can be utilized to engineer defects and tailor the atomic, optoelectronic, and structural properties of monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). Aberration‐corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy is used to reveal the presence of defects with sizes from the single atom to 50 nm in molybdenum (MoS₂) and tungsten disulfide (WS₂) caused by irradiation doses from 10¹³ to 10¹⁶ ions cm^?2. Irradiated regions across millimeter‐length scales of multiple devices are sampled and analyzed at the atomic scale in order to obtain a quantitative picture of defect sizes and densities. Precise dose value calculations are also presented, which accurately capture the spatial distribution of defects in irradiated 2D materials. Changes in phononic and optoelectronic material properties are probed via Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The dependence of defect properties on sample parameters such as underlying substrate and TMD material is also investigated. The results shown here lend the way to the fabrication and processing of TMD nanodevices.     

Longitudinal vibration analysis of nanorods with multiple discontinuities based on nonlocal elasticity theory using wave approach

Microsystem Technologies - Discontinuities such as cracks and steps on the length, and the mass of attached buckyball on the tip, of nanoresonators have large effects on nanoresonators natural...     

Investigation of physical models accuracy optimized by PSO for determining low-velocity impact behavior of warp-knitted spacer fabrics

Nowadays, warp-knitted spacer fabrics (WKSFs) have been developed for many applications. Impact response and energy absorption are important properties of WKSFs in protective applications. In this study, low-velocity impact (LVI) behavior of WKSFs was investigated. In this regard, physical models with maximum adoption to the behavior of WKSFs in LVI were determined. In the first step, LVI behavior of WKSFs was investigated using a high-speed camera. Then, the LVI response of WKSFs was assessed using three common physical models, i.e. Kelvin–Voigt, Maxwell, and standard linear models. In order to achieve the best adoption with WKSFs behavior in LVI, particle swarm optimization was applied to optimize the parameters of each model. The results showed that Kelvin–Voigt model had the highest accuracy with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 2.3%.