悬沙中D〉0．06mm粗粒的粒析级配组成及其改正方法

本文首先简述Ｄ＞０．０６ｍｍ泥沙的粒析沉降特性及其粒径偏粗的原因。继之对悬沙中粒径大于０．０６ｍｍ的粒析级配组成机理，及级配组成不同对标准粒径Ｄｂ与粒析粒径ＤＬ关系的影响进行了详细研究。在以上研究工作的基础上，开展了Ｄｂ与ＤＬ的比较试验，得出了粗、中、细型悬沙的Ｄｂ～ＤＬ关系和对ＤＬ的改正方法。     

Grafting modification of Kevlar fiber using horseradish peroxidase

Summary Horseradish peroxidase catalyzed grafting of acrylamide (AM) onto Kevlar fibers in mixed solvents of dioxane and water was studied. The factors affecting the grafting reaction, such as solvents composition, reaction time, temperature, pH of reaction media, concentration of acrylamide and hydrogen peroxide were examined. The modified fiber was characterized with IR, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), elemental analysis, XPS, contact angle measurement and the grafting yield. The O/C ratio and N/C ratio on the surface increased after treatment and the surface of the Kevlar fiber became rougher. The contact angle decreased from 80 to 45 after grafting, indicating the wettability of the fiber increased after modification. All the results suggested that AM have been grafted onto the Kevlar surface through HRP-mediated radical initiated grafting reaction. And the probably mechanism of HRP catalyzed grafting of AM onto Kevlar surface was proposed.     

钢铁表面锌系磷化膜的研究

本文采用ＳＥＭ和ＴＥＭ等测试手段，研究了四功能处理液不同条件下在钢铁表面上形成锌系磷化膜的形貌，晶体结构；采用ＥＤＳ研究了磷化膜的化学成发，通过实验确定了Ｚｎ／Ｐ值在２．１２～３．２０时，磷化膜具有良好的耐蚀性。     

涂层的感应重熔工艺

本采用磁性测试、差热分析、扫描电镜、Ｘ射线衍射等现代化测试手段，对国产自熔合金粉末Ｆｅ６０和Ｎｉ６０喷涂层的感应重熔工艺性进行了大量试验研究，得出试验采用的自熔合金粉末是顺磁性材料，喷涂层的磁性质是影响感应重熔工艺性的关键因素的结论，提出涂层感应重熔工艺性取决于试件上温度场分布，而试件上温度场分布主要取决于涂层材料磁性质的观点。     

Local Electronic Structure Modulation Enables Fast-Charging Capability for Li-Rich Mn-Based Oxides Cathodes With Reversible Anionic Redox Activity

Anionic and cationic redox chemistries boost ultrahigh specific capacities of Li-rich Mn-based oxides cathodes (LRMO). However, irreversible oxygen evolution and sluggish kinetics result in continuous capacity decay and poor rate performance, restricting the commercial fast-charging cathodes application for lithium ion batteries. Herein, the local electronic structure of LRMO is appropriately modulated to alleviate oxygen release, enhance anionic redox reversibility, and facilitate Li⁺ diffusion via facile surface defect engineering. Concretely, oxygen vacancies integrated on the surface of LRMO reduce the density of states of O 2p band and trigger much delocalized electrons to distribute around the transition metal, resulting in less oxygen release, enhancing reversible anionic redox and the MnO₆ octahedral distortion. Besides, partially reduced Mn and lattice vacancies synchronously stimulate the electrochemical activity and boost the electronic conductivity, Li⁺ diffusion rate, and fast charge transfer. Therefore, the modified LRMO exhibits enhanced cyclic stability and fast-charging capability: a high discharging capacity of 212.6 mAh·g⁻¹ with 86.98% capacity retention after 100 cycles at 1 C is obtained and to charge to its 80%, SOC is shortened to 9.4 min at 5 C charging rate. This work will draw attention to boosting the fast-charging capability of LRMO via the local electronic structure modulation.     

芯轴摩擦系数对推压-拉拔复合缩径的影响

推压-拉拔复合缩径工艺是管坯减径的新方法,芯轴外表面与管坯内表面之间摩擦系数对工艺有重要的影响。通过建立推压-拉拔复合缩径变形过程中变形管坯的力学模型,分析了芯轴外表面与管坯内表面之间摩擦系数对成形的影响规律。针对某载重6.5 t胀压成形汽车桥壳管件的第一道次推压-拉拔复合缩径,设定不同的芯轴摩擦系数,进行了有限元仿真,得到了芯轴摩擦系数对管坯变形的影响规律,并基于管坯传力区不失稳以及变形所需凹模推力和芯轴拉拔力较小,给出了芯轴摩擦系数的设定范围。进行了缩径实验,实验和有限元模拟的结果接近。较小的芯轴摩擦系数可能造成管坯起皱失稳,而较大的芯轴摩擦系数,有利于降低管坯轴向压应力、凹模推力和芯轴拉拔力,但可能造成管坯表面划伤。     

血浆单采仪的研究

针对血液成分采集、分离、回输的自动化医用仪器设备方面的国内外现状，利用最新的计算机软硬件技术、传感技术、控制理论，开发了拥有自主知识产权的血浆单采仪。经临床实验表明，整机性能优良，值得推广应用。     

Unveiling nanoplates-assembled Bi2MoO6 microsphere as a novel anode material for high performance potassium-ion batteries

Bismuth (Bi)-based electrode has aroused tremendous interest in potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) on account of its low cost, high electronic conductivity, low charge voltage and high theoretical capacity. However, the rapid capacity fading and poor lifespan induced by the normalized volume expansion (up to ~ 406%) and serious aggregation of Bi during cycling process hinder its application. Herein, bismuth molybdate (Bi₂MoO₆) microsphere assembled by 2D nanoplate units is successfully prepared by a facile solvothermal method and demonstrated as a promising anode for PIBs. The unique microsphere structure and the self-generated potassium molybdate (K-Mo-O species) during the electrochemical reactions can effectively suppress mechanical fracture of Bi-based anode originated from the volume variation during charge/discharge of the battery. As a result, the Bi₂MoO₆ microsphere without hybridizing with any other conductive carbon matrix shows superior electrochemical performance, which delivers a high reversible capacity of 121.7 mAh·g⁻¹ at 100 mA·g⁻¹ over 600 cycles. In addition, the assembled perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA)//Bi₂MoO₆ full-cell coupled with PTCDA cathode demonstrates the potential application of Bi₂MoO₆ microsphere. Most importantly, the phase evolution of Bi₂MoO₆ microsphere during potassiation/depotassiation process is successfully deciphered by ex situ X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) technologies, which reveals a combination mechanism of conversion reaction and alloying/dealloying reaction for Bi₂MoO₆ anode. Our findings not only open a new way to enhance the performance of Bi-based anode in PIBs, but also provide useful implications to other alloy-type anodes for secondary alkali-metal ion batteries.

     

细胞焦亡介导慢性间歇缺氧大鼠肾脏损伤及依达拉奉的干预作用

目的：探究依达拉奉对慢性间歇缺氧导致大鼠肾脏损伤的保护作用及其对Caspase-1介导的细胞焦亡信号通路的影响。方法：24只SPF级雄性SD大鼠随机分为正常对照（NC）组、间歇缺氧（IH）组、间歇缺氧+生理盐水（IH+NS）组、间歇缺氧+依达拉奉（IH+EDA）组,每组6只。将4组大鼠放置在密闭式饲养舱内造模,NC组舱内氧气浓度维持在21%左右,IH组、IH+NS组、IH+EDA组定时输入纯氧气、纯氮气、压缩空气,使舱内形成缺氧-复氧循环（60 s低氧期+60 s复氧期）,低氧期舱内氧浓度降至6%～7%,每日造模8 h（10∶00-18∶00）,同时IH+EDA组大鼠每天造模前按照5 mg/kg剂量标准予以腹腔注射依达拉奉,IH+NS组大鼠按照同等剂量标准腹腔注射生理盐水。造模8周后采集大鼠血液标本及肾脏组织标本,测定各组大鼠血肌酐（Crea）、尿素（Urea）水平;HE、Masson染色后光镜下观察肾脏病理形态变化、纤维化程度;化学法测定丙二醛（MDA）含量、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活力;免疫组织化学染色法测定肾组织NLRP3、Caspase-1、IL-1β蛋白表达水平;Western blot法测定肾组织Caspase-1、IL-1β蛋白表达水平;RT-PCR法测定消皮素D（gasdermin D, GSDMD）、IL-18 mRNA扩增水平。结果：间歇缺氧暴露后,大鼠血清Crea、Urea明显升高（P<0.01）,肾小管发生病理损害、肾单位球囊间隙出现胶原纤维沉积,MDA含量增加、SOD活力降低（P<0.01）,Caspase-1、NLRP3、IL-1β蛋白表达增加（P<0.01或P<0.05）、GSDMD mRNA、IL-18 mRNA扩增增加（P<0.01）;而经过依达拉奉干预后,上述指标呈现出与间歇低氧暴露后相反的变化趋势,肾脏病理损害减轻（P<0.01或P<0.05）。 结论：慢性间歇缺氧可能通过氧化应激活化Caspase-1参与的细胞焦亡信号通路介导肾脏损伤过程,而依达拉奉可能通过清除氧自由基、下调机体氧化应激水平,抑制焦亡通路的活化,起到保护肾脏的作用。