纳米技术在生物传感器中的应用

介绍了纳米技术在生物传感器中的应用，重点阐述当前发展方向的前沿。     

用聚合物作为悬浮粒子的电流变液的设计、性能和机理的研究

作者针对目前电流变(ER)液领域存在的问题,在建立ER液测试系统和方法的基础上,系统地研究了含聚合物粒子的ER液的设计、性能以及它们产生ER效应的机理。 首次用反相乳液聚合工艺直接合成了具有较高ER活性的聚甲基丙烯酸盐的含水ER液,研究了影响该体系的屈服应力(τs)、漏电流密度(J)和稳定性的因素。提出了水分在含水ER液中的作用是协助产生可移动离子的观点,并用离子极化机理解释了实验现象。 首次通过α,ω-双甲基丙烯酰氧基封端的聚乙二醇均聚或与甲基丙烯酸盐共聚,用反相悬浮聚合工艺成功地制备了有较高活性的含AB交联型聚醚类固体电解质的无水ER液。 研究了含聚苯胺(PAn)的ER液的性能及其与组成材料性能的关系。证实了“多粒子效应”和由于自由电荷在粒子间跃迁产生的“导电率效率”对ER效应有重要作用。指出ER液的电流主要是沿粒子链或柱状体进行传输的,并首次将电导的不同程跳跃模型推广到ER液中,较好地解释了ER液的电导行为。 用共混或接枝共聚等三种方法制备了具有核壳结构的PAn复合粒子。并用它们组成ER液,得到了E=2.8kV/mm时,τs高达16.3kPa,J仅为2.67μA/cm~2的高性能ER液。首次系统地研究了核壳型复合粒子中的核与绝缘壳层间的相互作用和ER效应的关系。     

核壳型铁钴纳米复合材料的制备及其性能

采用多元醇还原工艺和自组装技术,在微米级Fe粉表面包覆纳米Co粒子,一步法制备了一种具有核壳结构的复合磁性微球,用SEM表征了其相组成和形貌,用VSM测试了磁滞回线,初步研究了磁学性能。结果表明:用该法制备的核壳型Fe/Co纳米复合材料表面包覆致密,其比饱和磁化强度和矫顽力介于微米铁粉和纳米钴粉之间。     

雷达用隐身吸波材料研究进展

本文综述了近年来国内外雷达波吸收材料的研究进展 ,对吸波原理、吸波材料的分类及特点进行了归纳分析和讨论 ,并对磁性金属纳米粒子用于雷达波吸收材料吸波机理和应用前景进行了展望     

Facile synthesis of uniform hollow hematite sub-micro spheres with controllable shell thickness

A simple method was developed to prepare the uniform hematite hollow submicro-spheres with controllable structure and different diameter based on monodisperse poly(styrene-co-acrylic acid) [P(St-co-AA)] particles. The structure and formation mechanism of the hollow spheres were investigated in detail. The control mechanism of shell thickness was also discussed. The results indicated that the shell thickness and coarseness of the synthesized core-shell hematite hollow spheres could be tuned simply by the surface carboxyl content of the P(St-co-AA) particles. This method provided a new approach for the structure control in the preparation of hollow spheres. A Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) test shows that the prepared hollow spheres have large surface areas which were decreased along with the increase of the diameter. The magnetic properties of the as-obtained hematite hollow spheres were investigated. The result showed that the coercivity and saturated magnetization were increased along with the increase of the shell thickness, and the remanent magnetization was increased along with the decrease of the diameter.     

酞青钴-Fe_3O_4纳米复合粒子的化学稳定性研究

制备了酞菁钴（CoPc）－Fe3O4纳米复合粒子,研究了其化学稳定性．结果表明．CoPc与Fe3O4纳米粒子通过一定程度的化学键作用形成了有效的复合．在Fe3O4纳米粒子表面形成了包覆层,有效地保护其不被空气氧化。其抗氧化能力与CoPc包裹层的数目有很强的依赖关系。     

光学透明材料的现状和研究进展：Ⅱ：有机—无机纳米复合光学透？…

评述了有机－无机纳米复合光学透明材料的研究现状,重点分析了用溶胶－凝胶法、胶体化学法等有机－无机纳米复合技术在合成高性能光学透明材料时存在的问题及可能解决的途径,并指出研究和开发高性能、功能化的有机－无机纳米复合光学透明材料将成为该领域的重点和一次发展趋势,并将推大光学透明材料的应用领域。     

Heterogeneous acid catalytic esterification by porous polyoxometalate-tantalum pentoxide nanocomposites

Polyoxometalates (POMs) are useful catalysts in both redox and acid catalysis reactions since its catalytic features can be controlled at a molecular level. We investigated POM (POM = H₃PW₁₂O₄₀) on tantalum pentoxide (Ta₂O₅) via hydrolysis of tantalum pentachloride (TaCl₅) in the presence of POM using the sol-gel method for acid catalytic reaction. All obtained amorphous materials have been characterized by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra, Raman scattering spectroscopy, ³¹P magic-angle spinning (MAS) NMR, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and nitrogen adsorption/desorption analysis, in order to confirm the structure integrity of the Keggin unit in as-prepared composites and investigate the morphology and surface textural property of the composites. Catalytic activity of the catalysts has been evaluated for esterification of acetic acid with ethanol as a model reaction with different catalytic reaction parameters such as POM loading, reaction time, catalyst dose, molar ratio of the reactants, etc. The conversion of ethanol reached 87.4 % and the turnover frequency (TOF) was 2.9×10³.Meanwhile, it is easy to separate and recover POM/Ta₂O₅ from the reaction system.     

侧链含PEO链段的苯胺共聚物的合成与表征

采用化学氧化法将苯胺（An)与间苯二氨基甲酰己二氨基甲酸聚氧乙烯乙酸酯（MPAE）进行共聚，制备出一种侧链含聚氧化乙烯（PEO）键段的苯胺共聚物。结果表明，MPAE投料量增加，共聚产率线性减少，共聚物的热稳定性逐渐下降，在极性有机溶剂中的溶解及成膜性能提高，但MPAE摩尔投料量达30%后，产物溶解性无明显变化。     

纳米铁/SiO2核壳复合粒子的制备与性能表征

利用硅烷偶联剂 APS和活性硅作表面活性剂 ,采用种子包埋法 ,制备了纳米铁 / Si O2 核壳复合粒子。用 TEM、TG- DTA、VSM对材料结构与性能进行表征。TG- DTA表明纳米铁表面没有吸附水和结晶水 ,而抗氧化能力提高。VSM研究发现包裹一层二氧化硅后 ,饱和磁化强度与剩磁对比纳米铁粉减小 ,而矫顽力增大