Synthesis, characterization of bimetallic Sn-Zn-MCM41 and its catalytic performance in the hydroxylation of phenol

A series of Sn-Zn modified-MCM41 has been synthesized by direct hydrothermal method and characterized using ICP, XRD, TG/DTA, FT-IR, HRTEM and N_2-adsorption techniques. Catalytic performances of the obtained materials were evaluated in the hydroxylation of phenol with H₂O₂. Results indicated that all the samples exhibited typical hexagonal arrangement of mesoporous structure with high surface area and the heteroatoms were probably incorporated into the framework of MCM41. Catalytic tests revealed that the bimetallic incorporated materials were effective catalysts in the hydroxylation of phenol. The conversion of phenol could be reach to 56.8% for the catalysts with Sn: Zn: Si = 2.69: 4.57: 100 (molar ratio) under the optimized reaction conditions. Moreover, the materials containing Sn and Zn exhibited higher catalytic activity than monometallic Sn and Zn modified MCM41.     

拟建鄱阳湖水利枢纽对湖区水环境容量的影响

采用水动力水质模型模拟了鄱阳湖在极端退水年(2016年)和一般退水年(2017年)两种退水工况下拟建鄱阳湖水利枢纽建设前后的水动力水质过程,并构建湖区水环境容量模型评估了鄱阳湖拟建水利枢纽对湖区水质和水环境容量的影响。模拟结果表明：枢纽建设运行能显著增加鄱阳湖的水体体积,每月最大可增加77%;在退水初期主要降低湖泊中部的TP质量浓度,在极端退水年的退水后期会导致闸上TP质量浓度升高,在一般退水年则会导致闸上TP质量浓度降低,但对COD_Mn和NH₃-N质量浓度空间分布无明显影响;在极端退水年,枢纽建设运行会导致COD_Mn、NH₃-N和TP质量浓度增大,而在一般退水年则会导致TP的质量浓度降低;枢纽建设运行能显著提升COD_Mn和NH₃-N的水环境容量,在一般退水年会增大TP的水环境容量,但在极端退水年TP的水环境容量可能降低。     

黄河流域干旱区湖泊冰封期浮游植物群落结构特征及影响因子研究

为研究黄河流域上游干旱地区湖泊冰封期浮游植物群落结构及影响因子,选取干旱区典型湖泊——乌梁素海、奈伦湖为研究对象,于2019年3月冰封期进行采样调查,分析冰封期湖泊营养状态特征与浮游植物物种组成、数量及多样性指数,利用冗余分析(RDA)揭示浮游植物物种与环境因子影响关系,并运用方差分解分析主要环境因子的影响程度。结果表明,冰封期水体浮游植物共6门21属29种,其中硅藻12属16种,占据全部物种的55.2%;不同采样点浮游植物数量、生物量变化范围为3.2×10~4～1.4×10~5cells/L和0.047～0.328 mg/L,主要优势种以尖针杆藻(Synedra acus)、美丽星杆藻(Asterionella formosa)、双头辐节藻(Stauroneis anceps)等硅藻为主;不同浮游植物多样性指数H′范围0.70～1.74,介于中度污染,表明研究湖泊浮游植物多样性相对较差;不同采样点位之间浮游植物群落相似性主要处于Ⅱ、Ⅲ等级,即极不相似和轻度相似,表明各采样点之间浮游植物群落结构具有较为明显的差异。RDA分析结果表明,影响浮游植物物种分布的主要环境因子水温、总氮和硝酸盐;方差分解分析进一步显示,营养因子(总氮和硝酸盐)单独对优势种物种分布解释量达到33.66%,理化因子(水温)单独对优势种物种分布解释量达到13.24%。     

纳米自组装大孔催化剂对催化裂化柴油的加氢催化性能

采用二次纳米自组装方法制备出具有大孔道的催化剂0106、1227,两种纳米自组装催化剂在30～100 nm孔径分布分别占11％、28％。纳米自组装催化剂具有低堆积密度和高金属含量等特点。在10 mL固定床微型反应器中,以镇海炼化的催化裂化柴油为原料,在温度360℃、压力7 M Pa、氢油体积比为600∶1、体积空速为1．5 h-1条件下,考察了两种纳米自组装催化剂的初活性评价,并与现有工业催化剂作对比。结果表明,两种纳米自组装催化剂0106、1227可使催化裂化柴油的含硫质量分数从12400μg/g分别最低降到483、283μg/g ,最高脱硫率分别为96．10％、97．71％;将含氮质量分数从1507μg/g分别最低降到35．7、14．0μg/g ,最高脱氮率分别为97．63％和99.00％;其最高芳烃饱和率分别为67．99％和68．88％;而参比催化剂仅可使催化裂化柴油的含硫质量分数从12400μg/g最低降到537μg/g ,最高脱硫率为94．57％;将含氮质量分数从1507μg/g最低降到64．6μg/g ,最高脱氮率为95．54％;其最高芳烃饱和率为65．65％。     

Biodegradation of catechol by Pseudomonas fluorescens isolated from petroleum‐impacted soil

Bioremediation strategies have been applied to clean up petroleum hydrocarbon (PHC) impacted sites. Introducing PHC degrading microorganisms (bioaugmentation) and enhancing the in‐situ nutrients availability (biostimulation) are widely used strategies. These strategies can be combined to lead to a better bioremediation performance. In this work, Pseudomonas fluorescens was isolated from a PHC impacted site. Through a 2³ factorial design plan, the effect of various combinations of nitrate, sulphate, and phosphate ions on the PHC bioremediation performance by P. fluorescens was investigated using catechol, an essential metabolic intermediate of BTEX degradation, as the sole carbon source. The maximum specific catechol degradation rate was chosen as the response to evaluate the catechol bioremediation performance. The ANOVA results indicated that the presence of nitrate ions alone lowered the maximum specific catechol degradation rate, which can be explained by the accumulation of nitrites and ammonia during the denitrification process by P. fluorescens. It was noted that dosing sulphate ions alone did not affect the bioremediation performance, which indicates P. fluorescens can grow in a sulphur‐limited environment. In contrast, the presence of sulphate and nitrate ions together can lead to a higher specific catechol degradation rate. This may be caused by the presence of sulphate that can suppress the production of nitrites. The importance of phosphate ions on catechol biodegradation was investigated. The absence of phosphate led to incomplete biodegradation. Introducing phosphate ions can accelerate catechol degradation, which can be explained by the secretion of organic acids.     

基于负荷聚合商模式的电网协同优化调度

在新能源在电网的渗透率增高以及柔性负荷作为调节手段出现的背景下,选取合适的调度模式,使得海量分布式的负荷资源参与电网调控,能够帮助实现削峰填谷、平滑负荷曲线等目标。基于负荷聚合商模式的协同控制结构,对包括电动汽车、空调负荷与储能设备的负荷资源进行聚合,建立了日前经济调度模型;在负荷聚合商的集群内部控制中,考虑设备的调度潜能,提出一种基于裕度指标的状态队列优先算法,实现部分负荷优先响应。最后,仿真算例得出了负荷聚合商参与电力系统的日前协同调度运行计划,验证了优化方法以及调控策略的可行性。     

Dual-band reflective polarization converter based on metasurface

In this paper, a dual-band and reflective polarization converter based on metasurface is proposed. Its unit cell is composed of two layers of metal plates separated by a dielectric substrate. The simulation results show that the proposed converter is able to convert x- or y-polarized incident waves into cross-polarized waves perfectly in frequency bands of 6.75—10.59 GHz and 17.78—19.61 GHz, and the polarization conversion ratio (PCR) is nearly 100%, which can also convert linearly polarized waves into circularly polarized waves at four frequencies. It can be widely used in applications of radar satellites, antenna design and telecommunication with the function of realizing polarization conversion in two bands and achieving high PCR simultaneously.     

面向深度学习图像分类的GPU并行方法研究

针对深度学习图像分类场景中多GPU并行后传输效率低的问题,提出一种低时间复杂度的Ring All Reduce改进算法。通过分节点间隔配对原则优化数据传输流程,缓解传统参数服务器并行结构的带宽损耗。基于数据并行难以支撑大规模网络参数及加速延缓的问题,根据深度学习主干网络所包含的权重参数低于全连接层权重参数、同步开销小、全连接层权重大与梯度传输开销过高等特点,提出GPU混合并行优化算法,将主干网络进行数据并行,全连接层进行模型并行,并通过改进的Ring All Reduce算法实现各节点之间的并行后数据通信,用于基于深度学习模型的图像分类。在Cifar10和mini ImageNet两个公共数据集上的实验结果表明,该算法在保持分类精度不变的情况下可以获得更好的加速效果,相比数据并行方法,可达到近45%的提升效果。     

基于一致性算法的直流受端电网分布式调频资源协同频率控制

直流受端电网中大容量直流功率的馈入和大量分布式光伏及储能经电力电子变换器接入,导致受端电网同步机电源逐渐被取代,系统等效惯量下降,严重影响了受端电网的频率特性。因此,挖掘电网调频资源、增加电网频率控制的灵活性十分重要。针对上述问题,基于一致性算法,提出了利用受端电网中配电网的分布式调频资源,包括分布式光伏、储能、柔性负荷等协同参与电网一次调频的分布式控制方法。该控制方法能够有效应对由于调频资源数量大而导致的计算难度增大问题,并可通过定时刷新分布式调频资源的运行状态并自适应计算频率响应系数,实现在故障发生时快速响应频率变化。通过对等效直流受端电网中配电网调频资源以不同控制策略参与频率调节的仿真对比分析,验证了文中方法对直流受端电网频率调节的有效性及经济性。     

联网型高耗能电解铝工业电网源荷协调平抑风电功率波动控制策略

对于含有大规模新能源接入的联网型高耗能工业电网,新能源功率波动势必产生联络线功率波动以及额外备用容量费用,不利于工业电网经济运行。通过对工业电网内部火电机组与电解铝负荷联合控制进行建模,提出源荷协调平抑风电功率控制策略。基于模型预测控制方法,将电解铝负荷和火电机组调节范围以及响应速率作为约束条件,以平抑风电功率波动为控制目标,优化电解铝负荷和火电机组的有功功率调节量,减少由风电功率波动引起的联络线备用容量。以云南文山地区某个工业电网为例进行仿真,结果表明所提的源荷协调控制策略可以有效实现对工业电网内部风电功率波动的平抑,限制与大电网联络线上的有功功率交换。