汽车燃料质量发展新趋势

从现在到21世纪初,汽车燃料质量主要按照减少排气污染的思路来设计。汽油和柴油的发展趋势是:低硫、低芳烃、低90％馏出温度和高清净性。     

工业级五氧化二铌粉体物相转变技术

针对不同工艺条件下制备的五氧化二铌粉体产品,详细分析了其不同的相结构及微观形貌,指出了制备技术中存在的纯相问题。针对性地提出了解决五氧化二铌粉体产品纯相问题的方法,即物相转变技术的化学转变法:①将非纯相五氧化二铌粉体与双氧水在耐压容器中混合蒸煮;②将非纯相五氧化二铌与尿素混合研磨。结果表明,第一种方法较简便,但是对反应器要求高;第二种方法较廉价,但是工序较多。可以根据实际情况选择使用。     

Know by a handful the whole sack: efficient sampling for top-k influential user identification in large graphs

Influence Maximization aims to find the top-K influential individuals to maximize the influence spread within a social network, which remains an important yet challenging problem. Most existing greedy algorithms mainly focus on computing the exact influence spread, leading to low computational efficiency and limiting their application to real-world social networks. While in this paper we show that through supervised sampling, we can efficiently estimate the influence spread at only negligible cost of precision, thus significantly reducing the execution time. Motivated by this, we propose ESMCE, a power-law exponent supervised Monte Carlo estimation method. In particular, ESMCE exploits the power-law exponent of the social network to guide the sampling, and employs multiple iterative steps to guarantee the estimation accuracy. Moreover, ESMCE shows excellent scalability and well suits large-scale social networks. Extensive experiments on six real-world social networks demonstrate that, compared with state-of-the-art greedy algorithms, ESMCE is able to achieve almost two orders of magnitude speedup in execution time with only negligible error (2.21 % on average) in influence spread.     

含恒功率负载的弱电网线路阻抗稳定区间辨识:阻抗技术

弱电网因其易发生低频振荡和谐波振荡现象而被广泛研究。然而,传统的阻抗方法更注重于线路阻抗稳定运行点的辨识和回比矩阵的稳定裕度,而不能提供具体的线路阻抗稳定区间。因此,文中提出一种基于安全保护映射理论的弱电网线路阻抗稳定区间辨识方法,以求为实际系统规划和相关回稳方法研究提供指导。首先,分别建立交流弱电网的源侧阻抗矩阵和载侧导纳矩阵。然后,对上述互联系统建立稳定禁止区间,并进一步转化为稳定运行区间。其与基于范数的阻抗准则相比,该稳定区间的保守性显著降低。进而,通过镜像、平移和旋转映射互联系统的回比矩阵将线路阻抗稳定区间的求解过程转化为Hurwitz矩阵的辨识问题,并且通过安全保护映射理论直接得到线路阻抗稳定运行区间。最后,通过仿真和实验结果验证该方法的保守性和有效性。     

Paleyfly:一种可扩展的高速互连网络拓扑结构

高速互连网络是高性能计算系统的重要组成部分.随着网络规模需求的扩大,如何搭建更大规模的网络是高速互连网络拓扑结构设计的关键.因此,提出一种新型层次化的拓扑结构Paleyfly (PF),其结合了Paley图强正则的特性和Random Regular(RR)图支持任意规模大小的特点.相比其他新型高速互连网络拓扑结构,Paleyfly能够有效解决在路由芯片端口数受限的背景下,Dragonfly (DF)可扩展性受限、Fat tree(Ft)物理成本高、RR结构物理布局难、路由表规模大等问题.同时,根据强正则属性在路由策略上负载均衡的优势,提出了4种路由策略来解决网络的拥塞问题.最后,通过模拟器实验比较分析PF结构与其他拓扑结构及PF结构不同路由策略的性能,验证了PF结构在不同规模以及不同通信模式配置下网络延迟优于RR结构.     

基于B／S模式网络系统安全性研究与实现

文章给出了B／S模式下保证系统安全的主要实现方法。在系统设计以Struts结构为架构模式,结合J2EE技术,开发了网络教学管理与评估系统平台;该系统具有较强的网络安全性。文章给出了采用由容器提供的安全服务和由应用程序提供的安全服务共同设计实现的网络系统安全措施。同时探索了基于B／S模式的多种安全技术,研究了该类信息系统在安全性方面的特点。该网络教学管理与评估系统实际运行表明,文章给出的网络系统安全措施具有较强的推广应用价值。     

有关不可微多目标规划有效解充分条件的推广

对不可微多目标规划有效解的充分条件进行了讨论，由几种较弱的条件（即几个较广的非凸概念）得出了（ｈ，φ）－意义下不可微情形的多目标规划有效解的充分性，推广了文章［１］中的结论。     

基于认证可信度的BLP模型研究

该文扩展认证可信度的相关概念,描述当前系统中认证和授权相脱节的情况下如何将两者通过认证可信度结合起来,提出认证可信度与BLP相结合的模型:基于认证可信度的BLP模型,要求主体对客体的访问必须经过可信度安全特性和BLP模型安全策略的双重判定。模型体现了实际系统对不同用户认证可信度授予不同访问权限的需要,防止通过弱认证机制获得低认证可信度的用户访问高敏感信息。     

Hydrolysis and Condensation of Hydrophilic Alkoxysilanes Under Acidic Conditions

A hydrophilic silane was obtained from the reaction of ethylene carbonate and 3-aminopropyldiethoxymethylsilane. This silane undergoes rearrangement to yield an AB₂-type hyperbranched polymer under anhydrous conditions but hydrolyzes and condenses to produce linear siloxanes under acid hydrolysis. The hydrolysis and condensation reactions as a function of time, HCl concentration and water content were studied by ²⁹Si NMR. The compositions of the silanol containing hydrolysis intermediates and the siloxanes condensation products were identified under different conditions. The instantaneous composition was found to depend on the specific combination of the acid and the water. Under certain conditions the intermediate silane-diols were stable and did not condense even under mild acidic conditions.     

Evaluating vector data type usage in OpenCL kernels

Open Computing Language (OpenCL) is an open, functionally portable programming model for a large range of highly parallel processors. To provide users with access to the underlying platforms, OpenCL has explicit support for features such as local memory and vector data types (VDTs). However, these are often low‐level, hardware‐specific features, which can be detrimental to performance on different platforms. In this paper, we focus on VDTs and investigate their usage in a systematic way. First, we propose two different approaches (inter‐vdt and intra‐vdt) to use VDTs in OpenCL kernels, and show how to translate scalar OpenCL kernels to vectorized ones. After obtaining vectorized code, we evaluate the performance effects of using VDTs with two types of benchmarks: micro‐benchmarks and macro‐benchmarks. With micro‐benchmarks, we study the execution model of VDTs and the role of the compiler‐aided vectorizer on five devices. With macro‐benchmarks, we explore the changes of memory access patterns before and after using VDTs, and the resulting performance impact. Not only our evaluation provides insights into how OpenCL's VDTs are mapped on different processors, but it also indicates that using such data types introduces changes in both computation and memory accesses. Based on the lessons learned, we discuss how to deal with performance portability in the presence of VDTs. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.