Novel Bi-Doped Amorphous SnOx Nanoshells for Efficient Electrochemical CO2 Reduction into Formate at Low Overpotentials

Engineering novel Sn-based bimetallic materials could provide intriguing catalytic properties to boost the electrochemical CO₂ reduction. Herein, the first synthesis of homogeneous Sn_1−xBi_x alloy nanoparticles (x up to 0.20) with native Bi-doped amorphous SnO_x shells for efficient CO₂ reduction is reported. The Bi-SnO_x nanoshells boost the production of formate with high Faradaic efficiencies (>90%) over a wide potential window (−0.67 to −0.92 V vs RHE) with low overpotentials, outperforming current tin oxide catalysts. The state-of-the-art Bi-SnO_x nanoshells derived from Sn_0.80Bi_0.20 alloy nanoparticles exhibit a great partial current density of 74.6 mA cm⁻² and high Faradaic efficiency of 95.8%. The detailed electrocatalytic analyses and corresponding density functional theory calculations simultaneously reveal that the incorporation of Bi atoms into Sn species facilitates formate production by suppressing the formation of H₂ and CO.     

大学数字化建设中的信息控制规划与专业监理

近年来大学纷纷通过采用数字化技术,建设智能化项目的方式来降低办学成本,提高办学效率。但由于对建设的项目缺乏统一的规划,因此数字大学的建设过程中常常存在建设项目资源重复,过于求新求全致使系统性能价格比低,重视科教应用,轻视后勤管理与安全防范等问题。本文就目前大学数字化建设存在的问题,探讨大学数字化建设应包含的内容、实施步骤,信息工程规划和专业监理对系统实施的意义。     

Maximizing learning without sacrificing the fun: Stealth assessment,adaptivity and learning supports in educational games

In this study, we investigated the validity of a stealth assessment of physics understanding in an educational game, as well as the effectiveness of different game-level delivery methods and various in-game supports on learning. Using a game called Physics Playground, we randomly assigned 263 ninth- to eleventh-grade students into four groups: adaptive, linear, free choice and no-treatment control. Each condition had access to the same in-game learning supports during gameplay. Results showed that: (a) the stealth assessment estimates of physics understanding were valid—significantly correlating with the external physics test scores; (b) there was no significant effect of game-level delivery method on students' learning; and (c) physics animations were the most effective (among eight supports tested) in predicting both learning outcome and in-game performance (e.g. number of game levels solved). We included student enjoyment, gender and ethnicity in our analyses as moderators to further investigate the research questions.     

Bibliometric analysis on tendency and topics of artificial intelligence over last decade

Microsystem Technologies - Artificial intelligence (AI), together with its applications, has received world-wide attentions and is expected to exert force on the development of global economy and...     

基于单幅图像景深和大气散射模型的去雾方法

为恢复雾天图像对比度和颜色,更好地提取图像中的信息,根据海上开阔海域的特点,利用3维到2维透视投影模型,推导了海上图像任意像素点景深的计算公式,并结合暗原色先验知识,有效解决基准景深点的选取和天空亮度的选取问题,最后基于相对景深模型和大气散射模型,对单幅雾天图像进行清晰化处理。通过大量雾天降质图像的实验验证,该算法的去雾效果优于基于暗原色先验统计方法的效果。     

贮藏温度对筇竹笋采后品质的影响

筇竹笋味甘鲜嫩,笋体脆爽,富含多种营养物质,具有重要的食用、经济和生态价值。筇竹笋采后生命力旺盛,笋体易老化腐烂,难以贮藏,而适当的低温贮藏可有效延缓其木质化进程,延长保鲜期。本文探讨了18、4、0和?18 ℃ 4种贮藏温度对筇竹笋色泽、硬度、失重率、呼吸强度、酶活性、MDA（丙二醛）、木质素及粗纤维的影响。结果表明:采后鲜笋在18 ℃条件下贮藏4 d木质化严重,丧失食用价值;而在4、0和?18 ℃条件下贮藏至第10 d,产品外观品质均保持较好,但由于冻藏（?18 ℃）对笋体细胞造成损伤,解冻后其质地变软,食用品质降低。0 ℃条件下各指标结果优于4 ℃,能更好地保持筇竹笋采后原有品质,延长贮藏时间。本研究为竹笋低温贮藏提供了理论依据。     

电池储能应用于10 kV配电网解决低电压问题的方案研究

配电网10 kV线路低电压出现的主要原因是配网线路长和负载重.传统的无功补偿负载重,导致低电压情况下效果有限,而重建线路成本较高、建设周期长且施工难度大.本文具体剖析了10 kV配网线路发生低电压的机理,提出了一种应用于10 kV配电网解决线路低电压问题的电池储能方案.考虑放电深度和效率,方案采用磷酸铁锂电池,基于电池储能投入后的补偿电压原理,提出储能额定功率和容量的计算方法.为了充分利用储能的容量和PCS(power conversion system)的无功能力,制定了储能控制策略.以典型的10 kV辐射式配电网线路为例进行建模仿真,结果验证了该解决方案能够很好解决线路供电半径长和负荷重导致的严重低电压问题,提出的储能额定功率、容量和控制策略的规划方法合理.     

考虑综合需求响应的气电联合系统可靠性评估

气电联合系统是能源互联网的重要组成部分,其可靠性评估对系统安全运行具有重要意义.因此,提出一种考虑综合需求响应的气电联合系统可靠性评估方法.首先建立气电联合系统负荷削减优化模型,利用泰勒级数展开法对考虑气网潮流方向和天然气管道运行状态的天然气潮流约束方程进行线性化处理;其次引入电、气负荷综合需求响应以提升系统可靠性,并对可中断和可转移电、气需求响应负荷进行建模;然后提出考虑综合需求响应的气电联合系统可靠性评估指标,并基于序贯蒙特卡洛模拟法获取系统设备元件的运行状态,评估考虑综合需求响应的气电联合系统可靠性;最后对IEEE 24-NGS 12气电联合系统进行算例分析,评估了7种不同场景下气电联合系统的可靠性,仿真结果验证了所提方法的有效性.     

酸性离子液体和Na2WO4·2H2O催化

以酸性离子液体和Na₂WO₄·2H₂O组成的体系为催化剂，过氧化氢为氧化剂，将催化柴油中的噻吩硫氧化为砜类物质，并通过NMP将其萃取出来，同时考察了反应温度、反应时间和催化剂用量等因素对氧化脱硫反应的影响，得出最佳反应条件为：3 mL油样（含硫200 μg·g^_-1），1 g离子液体，0.021 g 钨酸钠（Na₂WO₄·2H₂O）， 0.7 mL过氧化氢，反应温度323 K，反应时间3 h，萃取剂与柴油体积比为1∶1，此时样品中的硫可降低到23 μg·g^-1。反应结束后，可以通过简单的倾倒将油样和催化剂分离，催化剂重复使用5次，催化活性基本不变。