Properties and Performance of Cation-Doped Ceria Electrolyte Materials in Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Applications

Cation-doped CeO₂ electrolyte has been evaluated in single-cell and short-stack tests in solid oxide fuel cell environments and applications. These results, along with conductivity measurements, indicate that an ionic transference number of ∼0.75 can be expected at 800°C. Single cells have shown a power density >350 mW/cm². Multicell stacks have demonstrated a peak performance of >100 mW/cm² at 700°C using metallic separators.     

The gill calcium transport cycle in rainbow trout is correlated with plasma levels of bioactive, not immunoreactive, stanniocalcin

The aims of this study were to determine the most appropriate duration for the measurement of the maximal accumulated O2 deficit (MAOD), which is analogous to the anaerobic capacity, to ascertain the effects of mass, fat free mass (FFM), leg volume (Vleg) and lower body volume (V1b) on anaerobic test performance, to examine the reproducibility for peak power output (Wpeak) or maximal anaerobic power using an air-braked cycle ergometer and to produce approximations for the percentages of aerobic and anaerobic metabolism during exercise of short duration but high intensity. A group of 12 endurance trained cyclists [mean age 25.1 (SD 4.6) years; mean body mass 73.43 (SD 7.12) kg; mean maximal oxygen consumption 5.12 (SD 0.35) l.min-1; mean body fat 12.5 (SD 4.1) %] accordingly performed four counterbalanced treatments of 45, 60, 75 and 90 s of maximal cycling on an air-braked ergometer. The mean O2 deficit of 3.52 l for the 45-s treatment was significantly less (P < 0.01) than those for the 60 (3.75 l), 75 (3.80 l) and 90-s (3.75 l) treatments. These data therefore indicate that in predominantly aerobically trained subjects the O2 deficit attains a plateau after 60 s of maximal cycling on an air-braked ergometer. Statistically significant interclass correlation coefficients (P < 0.05) between the anthropometric variables (mass, FFM, Vleg and Vlb) and Wpeak or maximal anaerobic power (0.624-0.748) and MAOD (ml) or anaerobic capacity (0.666-0.772) furthermore would suggest the relevance of taking into account muscle mass during anaerobic tests.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

VISCOMETRIC FLOWS OF NEUTRALLY BUOYANT SUSPENSIONS IN SECOND-ORDER FLUIDS

The local volume averages of the equations of motion as well as the appropriate boundary conditions for neutrally buoyant suspensions of spheres in second-order fluids (Li and Slattery, 1989a) are employed to analyze both the cone-plate viscometer and the parallel-plate viscometer. The predicted results are compared with measurements of apparent viscosity and of the primary normal stress difference. Predictions of measured apparent viscosities are in excellent agreement with the experimental data up to 20% solids by volume; the average error is no more than 5%. Predictions of apparent viscosities for the limiting case of a very dilute suspension are restricted to less than 10% solids by volume. The primary normal stress difference is predicted to be independent of the volume fraction of solids, in approximate agreement with previously reported data.

Both theory and experiment have demonstrated that a neutrally buoyant suspension of uniform spheres in an incompressible second-order fluid behaves like a single-phase second-order fluid in these two viscometers.     

Reach and posture hand preferences during arboreal feeding in sifakas (Propithecus sp.): A test of the postural origins theory of behavioral lateralization.

Sixteen sifakas (11 Propithecus verreauxi coquereli, 2 Propithecus verreauxi verreauxi form majori, and 3 Propithecus tattersalli) were videotaped as they fed on leaves in an arboreal context. The hand used to feed and the hand used to maintain postural stability was coded. For each subject, the lateral bias of the hand used to feed was opposite the hand used in postural support. Seven sifakas displayed no bias for feeding or posture-related hand use, 7 sifakas displayed significant feeding-related reach preferences for pulling branches to the mouth (5 left- and 2 right-hand preferences), and 9 sifakas exhibited significant hand preferences for postural support (2 left-, 7 right-hand preferent). Although these data do not strongly support the postural origins theory of behavioral lateralization, the modal preference pattern for sifakas that displayed significant hand preferences for posture and feeding involve a left bias for feeding and a right bias for postural support. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Verification of the omni wedge technique

The optimal field shape achieved using a multileaf collimator (MLC) often requires collimator rotation to minimize the adverse effects of the scalloped dose distribution the leaf steps produce. However, treatment machines are designed to deliver wedged fields parallel or perpendicular to the direction of the leaves. An analysis of cases from our clinic showed that for 25% of the wedged fields used to treat brain and lung tumors, the wedge direction and optimal MLC orientation differed by 20 degrees or more. The recently published omni wedge technique provides the capability of producing a wedged field with orientation independent of the orientation of the collimator. This paper presents a comparison of the three-dimensional (3D) dose distributions of the omni wedged field with distributions of wedged fields produced using both the universal and dynamic wedge techniques. All measurements were performed using film dosimetry techniques. The omni wedge generated fields closely matched the conventional wedged fields. Throughout 95% of the irradiated volume (excluding the penubra), the dose distribution of the omni wedged field ranged from +5.5 to -3.5 +/- 1.5% of that of the conventionally wedged fields. Calculation of the omni wedged field is as accurate as conventional wedged field calculation when using a 3D treatment planning systems. For two-dimensional treatment planning systems, where one must assume that the omni wedged field is identical to a conventional field, the calculated field and the delivered field differs by a small amount.     

Multiple measures of hand-use lateralization in the ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta).

Evaluated a free-ranging matriline of 13 ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) from videotaped records for lateralized hand use with 2 tasks and 4 measures: food reaching, feeding posture, duration of food holding, and manipulation of food between mouth and hand while eating. Binomial z scores determined 7 lemurs to be left preferent in reaching, 3 right, and 3 ambipreferent. Ideographic analyses suggested possible sex-linked and early experience twin effects. When compared to right and ambipreferent lemurs, left reach preferent lemurs used the left hand more but bimanuals grasped less in food holding and also engaged in less hand-mouth food manipulation. The tendency to manipulate food was not correlated with bimanual holding but was inversely related to left hand holding and directly related to right hand holding. These patterns are discussed as possible precursors of human bimanual manipulation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A 50-Gb/s IP router

Aggressive research on gigabit-per-second networks has led to dramatic improvements in network transmission speeds. One result of these improvements has been to put pressure on router technology to keep pace. This paper describes a router, nearly completed, which is more than fast enough to keep up with the latest transmission technologies. The router has a backplane speed of 50 Gb/s and can forward tens of millions of packets per second     

Boundary Objects and Prototypes at the Interfaces of Engineering Design

The primary hypothesis of this paper is thatinternal and external changes in design andmanufacturing organizations affect theviability of boundary objects (representations,drawings, models – virtual and physical) andrequire changes in the underlying distributedcognitive models. Internal and external factorsinclude new advances in technologies, insightsinto organizational processes, organizationalrestructuring and change of market focus. Ifthe above hypothesis is true, then there areconsequences for the methodologies of designingcomputational support systems for co-operativeengineering work. We provide evidence bydescribing three empirical studies ofengineering design we have performed in largeorganizations. We investigate how changingtechnologies disrupt the common grounds amonginterfaces and how this opens debate onthe role of boundary objects, especially in theproduct visualization and analysis arena. Wethen argue that changes in market forces andother factors leading to changes inorganizational structures often lead to erosionof common understanding of representations andprototypes, above all at the interfaces. Weconclude by making the case that everystructural and information flow change inengineering organizations is accompanied by thepotential deterioration of the common ground.This requires the synthesis of new commongrounds to accommodate the needs of newinterfaces.     

Effects of ascorbic acid, rosemary, and Origanox™ in preventing bone marrow discoloration in beef lumbar vertebrae in aerobic and anaerobic packaging systems

Treatments of 1.25% or 2.5% ascorbic acid (AA); 0.1% or 0.2% rosemary; or a combination of 0.15% Origanox™ + 0.3% AA on beef lumbar vertebrae (n = 72) were evaluated for their effectiveness in preventing bone discoloration in retail packages. Vertebrae were held either 6 or 14 d postmortem; cut into 2.54-cm sections; and packaged into either polyvinyl chloride film overwrap (PVC), high-oxygen (80% O₂/20% CO₂) modified-atmosphere packages (MAP), or ultra-low-oxygen (70% N₂/30% CO₂) MAP. Controls and vertebrae treated with 0.1% or 0.2% rosemary discolored significantly, whereas 0.15% Origanox™ + 0.3% AA was effective through d 2 of display in PVC and high-oxygen MAP. In both high- and ultra-low-oxygen MAP, 1.25% AA was as effective as 2.5% AA in preventing bone discoloration. Vertebrae treated with AA or packaged in ultra-low-oxygen MAP had the largest a* values over display time. Bone discoloration was effectively prevented with AA, especially at the 2.5% concentration.     

Ultrasonic debridement of mitral calcification

PURPOSE: Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a proliferative process of suspected viral aetiology associated with immune deficiency. In transplanted patients, lesions regress on discontinuation of immunosuppressive therapy. The purpose of this work was to analyse the expression of the p53 oncosuppressor gene product, a proliferation regulator overexpressed in both malignant and non-malignant conditions, with the aim of better qualifying KS proliferation characteristics. METHODS: We analysed p53 expression in a group of transplanted, cyclosporin A-treated, KS patients by immunohistochemistry, utilizing the DO-7 (with and without the antigen retrieval pretreatment), and the PAb 240 monoclonal anti-p53 antibodies, the latter of which is able to detect a mutated epitope, and evaluating staining intensity and localization, whether cytoplasmic or nuclear. RESULTS: Seventy five percent of KS lesions from transplanted patients presented both nuclear and cytoplasmic positive p53 immunostaining with DO-7 antibody, thus demonstrating a presumably functional inactivation; one case also presented immunoreactivity with the PAb 240 antibody. CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of the results obtained and in the presence of lesion regression upon immunosuppression withdrawal, it may be concluded that KS in transplanted patients can be considered a non-malignant proliferative process, and that the cytoplasmic expression of p53 may stand for a functional inactivation pattern.