航空发动机滑油系统金属屑末在线监测技术

针对航空发动机滑油系统中金属屑末在线监测难、检测灵敏度低的现状,基于电磁感应原理,理论推导出了金属屑末通过传感器线圈引起的感应线圈输出电压的表达式,仿真分析了金属颗粒通过传感器时的输出电压,并通过相敏检波(Phase Sensitive Detection, PSD)技术对传感器感应线圈采集到的信号进行解调处理,以提高传感器的采集灵敏度。实验验证了在使用频率为80 kHz、幅值为±10 V的正弦激励信号对13 mm管径进行监测时,传感器对铁磁性金属颗粒的检测灵敏度为80μm,对非铁磁性金属颗粒的检测灵敏度为350μm;为感应式金属屑末传感器的设计提供了理论和技术支持,为航空发动机滑油系统中的金属屑末在线监测提供了技术保障。     

范例推理结合神经网络诊断变压器故障

将范例推理引入到电力变压器的故障诊断 ,对常用的 BP神经网络模型进行修改 ,得出的一种新范例检索算法实现了对电力变压器绝缘故障的诊断。新方法的有效性得到了实例的验证     

氢氧化铝沉淀法从煤层气田产出水中吸附锂的方法探索

煤层气在开采的过程中会产生大量伴生水,经过反渗透处理后的浓水中含有Li+等多种离子,本文以山西某煤层气田产出水经反渗透处理后的浓水为样本,按照一定的比例配水进行Li+吸附试验,结果显示:在50℃,不断搅拌,m(Al)/m(Li)为3.3,m(Na)/m(Al)为2.6,2mol/L的NaOH溶液的滴加速率为10mL/min的条件下,反应1.5h后,有明显吸附效果的最低Li+质量浓度为0.5g/L,Li+沉淀率为86.57%。将煤层气田产出水经反渗透处理的浓水浓缩600倍,使其中Li+质量浓度达0.5g/L,按照配水试验条件进行Li+吸附试验,Li+沉淀率为86.17%。     

反渗透处理煤层气产出水中试示范及其控制模型研究(英文)

This study presents the first demonstration project in China for treatment of coal-bed methane(CBM) co-produced water and recycling.The work aims to provide a research and innovation base for solving the pollution problem of CBM extraction water.The reverse osmosis(RO) unit is applied to the treatment of CBM co-produced water.The results indicate that system operation is stable,the removal efficiency of the total dissolved solids(TDS) is as high as 97.98%,and Fe,Mn,and F-are almost completely removed.There is no suspended solids(SS) detected in the treated water.Furthermore,a model for the RO membrane separation process is developed to describe the quantitative relationship between key physical quantities-membrane length,flow velocity,salt concentration,driving pressure and water recovery rate,and the water recovery restriction equation based on mass balance is developed.This model provides a theoretical support for the RO system design and optimization.The TDS in the CBM co-produced water are removed to meet the "drinking water standards" and "groundwater quality standards" of China and can be used as drinking water,irrigation water,and livestock watering.In addition,the cost for treatment of CBM co-produced water is assessed,and the RO technology is an efficient and cost-effective treatment method to remove pollutants.     

二氧化碳-水气液相平衡体系在湍流中的平衡偏移Ⅰ:实验与关联式(英文)

The carbon dioxide-water system was used to investigate the flowing gas-liquid metastable state.The experiment was carried out in a constant volume vessel with a horizontal circulation pipe and a peristaltic pump forced CO2 saturated water to flow.The temperature and pressure were recorded.The results showed that some CO2 escaped from the water in the flow process and the pressure increased,indicating that the gas-liquid equilibrium was broken.The amount of escaped CO2 varied with flow speed and reached a limit in a few minutes,entitled dynamic equilibrium.Temperature and liquid movement played the same important role in breaking the phase equilibrium.Under the experimental conditions,the ratio of the excessive carbon dioxide in the gas phase to its thermodynamic equilibrium amount in the liquid could achieve 15%.     

高矿化度煤层水用作生活饮用水的应用研究

在煤层气田开采过程中将排出大量伴生水,这种伴生水矿化度高、有机污染轻,需进行处理后才能够回用。在分析伴生水用作饮用水可行性的基础上,采用超滤—反渗透(UF—RO)工艺进行规模化处理,结果表明:膜系统运行稳定,UF作为RO进水预处理工艺,对CODMn去除率为29.94%、矿化度去除率9.55%、Cl-去除率8.33%。RO对污染物的去除效果显著,CODMn去除率为66.10%、矿化度去除率97.61%、Cl-去除率94.78%、NH3-N去除率72.94%。经GC-MS分析,系统出水基本不含有机物,水质达到《生活饮用水卫生标准》要求,吨水成本为4.03元。     

超重力环境下甲基二乙醇胺选择性脱除H_2S的模拟

应用反应-扩散模型对超重力环境下甲基二乙醇胺(MDEA)溶液从CO2和H2S混合气中选择性脱除H2S过程进行了定量描述。模拟结果表明,CO2在向MDEA溶液液膜渗透的过程中,需耗时1s渗透进2.0×10-5m才能够建立起稳定的浓度梯度;对于H2S,仅需约2.0×10-9s渗透进入液膜1.0×10-8m便可建立起稳定的浓度梯度,液膜中CO2的传质过程对于H2S的吸收基本没有影响;MDEA在液膜中存在扩散,H2S的存在对于CO2吸收的抑制作用明显。在旋转填充床中于不同的温度下进行了MDEA选择性脱除H2S的实验。实验结果表明,旋转填充床可以获得较高的H2S脱除率;反应-扩散模型的模拟结果和实验结果吻合较好。     

超重力络合铁法脱除石油伴生气中H_2S的中试研究

以络合铁为脱硫液,在旋转填充床中,进行石油伴生气脱H_2S的实验。考察了石油伴生气流量、石油伴生气中H_2S的质量浓度、脱硫液流量、旋转填充床转速对H_2S脱除率(θ)和气相传质系数(K_Ga)的影响。实验结果表明,θ和K_Ga随脱硫液流量的增大而增加,随旋转填充床转速的增大先增加后降低,随石油伴生气中H_2S质量浓度的增大而降低。超重力络合铁法脱除H_2S较佳的工艺条件为:石油伴生气流量30～70 m~3/h,石油伴生气中H_2S质量浓度20～80g/m~3,脱硫液流量0.5～1.0 m~3/h,旋转填充床转速900～1 100 r/min。在此条件下,θ稳定在99.80%以上。     

旋转填充床中叔丁氨基乙氧基乙醇溶液选择性脱硫性能的评价

在旋转填充床中,分别以叔丁氨基乙氧基乙醇(TBEE)溶液和N-甲基二乙醇胺(MDEA)溶液为胺液,对含CO2和H2S的N2进行选择性脱硫实验。考察了旋转填充床转速及胺液中醇胺含量、胺液流量、气体流量与液体流量的比值(气液比)、吸收温度对胺液脱硫性能的影响。实验结果表明,在相同的条件下与MDEA溶液相比,TBEE溶液的脱硫率(η)和选择性因子(S)更大,体现出空间位阻胺选择性脱硫的优势;胺液中醇胺含量和胺液流量的增大可提高η、降低S;旋转填充床转速增大有利于提高η,气液比增大有助于选择性脱硫;当N2中H2S含量为0.6%～0.8%(φ)和CO2含量为8%(φ)时,在w(TBEE)=5%、旋转填充床转速1 200 r/min、胺液流量6 L/h、气液比200、吸收温度30℃的条件下,S可达22～28。     

甲基二乙醇胺水溶液在改进的湿壁塔上吸收二氧化碳的动力学模型

To get more accurate kinetic data of the absorption of CO2 into aqueous solution of N-methyldiethanolamine, a wetted wall column was modified to more uniformly distribute the liquid on the column surface and gas in the absorbing chamber and change the length of the column. The average liquid film thickness and the liquid-phase mass transfer coefficient were measured, and a correlation for the Sherwood number, Reynolds number and Schmidt number was obtained for the modified wetted wall column. The equilibrium concentrations in chemical reactions were calculated with a minor absolute error for calculating the rate constant more accurately. A mathematical model for the CO2 absorption was established based on the diffusional mass transfer accompanied with parallel reversible reactions, and the partial differential equation was solved by Laplace transform. An analytical expression for the concentration of carbon dioxide as a function of time and penetration depth in liquid film and the average interphase mass transfer rate was obtained. This model was also used to calculate the rate constant for a second-order reaction, which was in good agreement with reported data.