试论新课程背景下以学生为主的历史学习方式

历史学习方式改革是新一轮课程改革的必然要求,自主学习、合作学习、体验学习及探究学习是新课程背景下历史学习的主要方式。树立以学生为本的理念,注意教学方式的变革,正确处理好知识与能力的关系,培养学生的参与意识和自主学习的能力,促使学生由“要我学”“我要学”转化,由学会知识向学会学习转化。     

重庆少数民族地区基础教育发展现状与对策

选取少数民族聚居的酉阳、秀山两县为样本,对重庆少数民族地区的基础教育状况进行了调查,分析了存在的问题及其原因,提出转变思想观念,加大对教育的投入,加强师资队伍建设等对策。     

Investigation on the Determination of Initial Shock Pressure at Near Interface Field of TNT Charge and Water for Underwater Explosion

There are few report on the directly measurement of the initial shock pressure of explosive charge at its interface of water for underwater explosion. The special technologies have been taken to the measurement system with manganin piezoresistive gauge （PRG） in order to measure the initial shock pressure at the interface and its near field of TNT chare and water. The free-holding PRG film gauge can directly determine the shock peak pressure at the interface and near field of TNT charge up to 12.85 GPa, which is satisfying for the good agreement to the 12.97 GPa with one dimensional theoretical analysis and 12.86 GPa with numerical simulation. The maximum discrepancy is 0.93 %. The results show that it is precise and reliable to determine the initial shock pressure of underwater explosion charge with the PRG technology.