以劳动竞赛为载体提升水电站建设水平

公伯峡水电站参建单位有10多个，在社会主义市场经济条件下，业主以劳动竞赛为载体，充分调动了各参建单位和广大职工的积极性和创造性，增进了团队精神和职工间的友谊，促进了工程质量、工程进度、安全生产和文明施工，为实现建“精品工程”和创“鲁班奖”打下了坚实的基础。     

Properties of Alkali-activated Yellow River Sediment-slag Composite Material

In order to consume the Yellow River sediment as much as possible and improve the longterm stability of the Yellow River, Yellow River sediment was utilized as the main raw material to produce a composite material. Ca(OH)_2 was used as alkali-activator to activate the active SiO_2 and Al_2O_3 compositions in Yellow River sediment. 10 wt% slag was added into the mixture to further improve the strength of the composites. The effect of activity rate of the Yellow River sediment and dosage of Ca(OH) _2 on the compressive strength of the Yellow River sediment-slag composite material at different curing ages was researched. XRD, SEM/EDS, light microscope and FTIR were used to further explore the products and the microstructure of the composite material. Results showed that the active ratio of sediment had a great influence on the compressive strength of specimen. In addition, the compressive strength of specimen increased with the increase of Ca(OH)_2dosage and curing age. When the dosage of Ca(OH)_2 was more than 5 wt% as well as the curing age reached 90 days, the compressive strength of the composite material could meet the engineering requirement. In the alkali-activated process, the main product was hydrated calcium silicate(C-S-H) gel, which filled up the gaps among the sediment particles and decreased the porosity of the specimen. Moreover, the CaCO_3 produced by the carbonization of the C-S-H gel and excess Ca(OH)_2 also played a role on the strength.     

杂散电流与环境耦合对水泥基材料耐久性影响研究进展

在实际服役过程中,混凝土常常处于复杂的环境中。杂散电流广泛存在于采用直流牵引供电的轨道交通系统中,因此这类工程中的混凝土、砂浆等水泥基材料往往处于杂散电流与环境因素的共同腐蚀作用下。总结了国内外关于杂散电流与软水、氯离子、硫酸根离子和冻融循环等环境因素耦合作用下水泥基材料耐久性的研究进展,以及如何提高水泥基材料的抗杂散电流性能的研究成果。在此基础上,对杂散电流与环境因素耦合作用下的水泥基材料耐久性研究前景进行了展望。     

Mechanical property and microstructure of alkali-activated Yellow River sediment-coal slime ash composites

This work focuses on the production of a new composite material using Yellow River sediment and coal slime ash via alkali-activating method. XRD, FTIR and SEM/EDS were used to characterize the alkali-activated products and microstructure of the composite material. Compressive strength was tested to characterize the mechanical property of the composite material. It is found that the compressive strength of the Yellow River sediment-coal slime ash composites increases as the added Ca(OH)₂ content grows. The compressive strength increases fast in the early stage but slowly after 28 days. The strength of the composites can be significantly improved via the addition of small amount of NaOH and gypsum. The products (C-S-H, ettringite and CaCO₃), especially C-S-H, make much contribution to the enhancement of strength. The highest strength of the composites can reach 14.4 MPa after 90 days curing with 5% Ca(OH)₂, 0.2% NaOH and 7.5% gypsum. The improved properties of the composites show great potential of utilizing Yellow River sediment for inexpensive construction materials.     

自燃煤矸石骨料在预拌混凝土中的应用研究

用自燃煤矸石取代天然砂石配制预拌混凝土,研究了自燃煤矸石骨料附加水及预湿时间对预拌自燃煤矸石骨料混凝土工作性和强度的影响,并在此基础上,研究了这种预拌混凝土的抗氯离子渗透性能和抗冻性能.结果表明:控制好自燃煤矸石骨料的附加水及预湿时间,在外加剂及掺合料的共同作用下,预拌自燃煤矸石骨料混凝土的坍落度、坍落度经时损失、强度等级、抗氯离子渗透性能及抗冻融性能均满足GB/T 14902—2003规定的质量标准.     

搅拌工艺对自燃煤矸石集料混凝土工作性和强度影响

通过对天然粗细集料、自燃煤矸砂与天然碎石、天然河砂与自燃煤矸石,以及自燃煤矸砂与自燃煤矸石四种组合集料配制的混凝土稠度和强度试验,以及微观形貌特征分析,揭示“普通”、“砂浆裹石”和“净浆裹石”三种不同搅拌工艺对不同集料混凝土工作性和强度的影响.研究结果表明,砂浆裹石适合天然砂石配制的普通混凝土;砂浆裹石和净浆裹石适合自燃煤矸砂与天然碎石配制的自燃煤矸砂混凝土,净浆裹石效果更好;净浆裹石适合天然河砂与自燃煤矸石配制的自燃煤矸石砂轻混凝土;附加水使混凝土水灰比变大,造成二次搅拌工艺对自燃煤矸砂、石配制的全煤矸石集料混凝土工作性和强度影响不明显.     

自燃煤矸石粗骨料混凝土双变量强度公式研究

通过对16组自燃煤矸石粗骨料混凝土试件的试验,研究了自燃煤矸石粗骨料压碎值、水胶比对混凝土抗压强度的影响。利用多元回归建立了自燃煤矸石压碎值、水胶比和混凝土28 d抗压强度之间的回归方程,并由25组试件检验,普适性良好。自燃煤矸石粗骨料混凝土双变量强度公式的建立,对自燃煤矸石粗骨料混凝土配合比设计及强度推算具有重要的实际意义。     

自燃煤矸砂钢筋混凝土梁抗弯性能试验研究

通过对6根相同配筋率、相同混凝土强度等级、不同细骨料的混凝土简支梁的抗弯试验,探讨了自燃煤矸砂全部取代天然砂制备的自燃煤矸砂混凝土受弯构件正截面受力变形性能和破坏特征.试验结果表明:自燃煤矸砂混凝土梁与普通混凝土梁的受弯破坏过程基本相同,仍具有弹性、开裂、屈服和极限等4个明显特征;正截面平均应变服从平截面假定;相同条件下虽然自燃煤矸砂混凝土抗压强度稍低于普通混凝土,但其试验梁的开裂弯矩和极限抗弯承载力稍高于普通混凝土梁,现有的普通混凝土梁计算公式适用于自燃煤矸砂配制的混凝土.