煤转化过程中汞的排放与控制研究进展

汞对人类和环境的危害巨大,而煤中汞的排放是人为汞排放的主要污染源,引起国际国内的广泛重视。基于煤中汞的赋存形态和分布,本文对煤燃烧、煤气化以及煤化学链燃烧/气化过程中的汞的排放进行了综述,对比了传统煤燃烧过程的燃烧前脱汞、燃烧中脱汞、燃烧后脱汞。作为新型的煤转化方式,煤化学链燃烧/气化具有能效高、污染物协同脱除等优势,对煤化学链转化过程中S、N、Hg等污染物的协同脱除以及基于化学链技术的汞脱除方法需要进一步研究。     

煤化学链转化技术研究进展

化学链技术为化石能源的清洁高效利用提供了新思路。本文在综述煤化学链燃烧和气化转化工艺现状及特点的基础上,对煤化学链转化的载氧体以及煤-载氧体反应和化学链反应器强化等进行了评价及展望。指出煤化学链转化的研究重点为以下3方面：①载氧体-煤-煤灰-气化剂等反应体系中氧传递过程及反应机理;②载氧体应围绕多活性组分载氧体、耦合催化-载氧-捕C/S多功能复合载氧体和具有特定储氧功能和高稳定性结构载氧体等3方面进行研究;③针对载氧体和煤反应慢的瓶颈,应揭示反应器优化和操作强化的理论基础。     

基于硫酸钙固体燃料化学链气化过程制备合成气的研究(英文)

Chemical-looping gasification (CLG) is a novel process for syngas generation from solid fuels,sharing the same basic principles as chemical-looping combustion (CLC).It also uses oxygen carriers (mainly metal oxide and calcium sulfate) to transfer heat and oxygen to the fuel.In this paper,the primary investigation into the CLG process with CaSO4 as oxygen carrier was carried out by thermodynamic analysis and experiments in the tube reactor.Sulfur-contained gas emission was mainly H2S rather than SO2 in the CLG process,showing some different features from the CLC.The mass and heat balance of CLG processes were calculated thermodynamically to determinate the auto-thermal operating conditions with different CaSO4/C and steam/C molar ratios.It was found that the CaSO4/C molar ratio should be higher than 0.2 to reach auto-thermal balance.The effect of temperature on the reactions between oxygen carrier and coal was investigated based on Gibbs free energy minimum method and experimental results.It indicated that high temperature favored the CLG process in the fuel reactor and part of syngas was consumed to compensate for auto-thermal system.     

基于热重分析的不同态铁基载氧体与炭黑反应特性的研究

为确定铁基载氧体化学链热解实验系统的输送管路中,高温态铁基载氧体与炭黑混合物流动过程可能存在的副反应,利用热重分析仪对氧化铁、四氧化三铁、氧化亚铁分别及混合后与炭黑的化学反应特性进行研究。实验结果表明,炭黑与氧化铁、四氧化三铁、氧化亚铁的反应开始温度分别为520.0、653.0、667.0℃;炭黑与铁基载氧体混合物的反应中,氧化铁起到主要的作用,最大失重速度为0.290 mg/min,温度在731.8℃,因此,不同态铁基载氧体与炭黑混合输运时,混合物温度需低于520.0℃,并降低氧化铁的残余比例。