梧桐絮制备多孔纤维碳材料及其在超级电容器中的应用

以法国梧桐絮为原料、KOH为活化剂,通过碳化制备多孔纤维碳材料,并在此基础上组装了超级电容器器件。通过SEM、EDS、XRD、Raman、FTIR、BET等对制备的多孔纤维碳材料进行表征,并研究了多孔纤维碳材料电极的电化学性能。结果表明:在扫描速率为50 mV·s~(-1)时,800℃下碳化制备的梧桐絮多孔纤维碳材料电极的比电容可以达到236 F·g~(-1);所组装电极在循环10 000次后,比电容仍维持原来的99.8%,表明梧桐絮多孔纤维碳材料在超级电容器领域有巨大的应用潜力。     

采用磁控溅射法在细菌纤维素膜上制备高性能的铟锡氧化物薄膜

Microbial cellulose (MC) membranes produced by Acetobacter xylinum NUST4.1,were used as flexible substrates for the fabrication of transparent indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes.Transparent and conductive ITO thin films were deposited on MC membrane at room temperature using radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering.The optimum ITO deposition conditions were achieved by examining crystalline structure,surface morphology and op-toelectrical characteristics with X-ray diffraction (XRD),scanning electron microscopy (SEM),atomic force mi-croscopy (AFM),and UV spectroscopy.The sheet resistance of the samples was measured with a four-point probe and the resistivity of the film was calculated.The results reveal that the preferred orientation of the deposited ITO crystals is strongly dependent upon with oxygen content (O2/Ar,volume ratio) in the sputtering chamber.And the ITO crystalline structure directly determines the conductivity of ITO-deposited films.High conductive [sheet resis-tance ～120 Ω·square-1 (Ω·sq-1)] and transparent (above 76%) ITO thin films (240 nm thick) were obtained with a moderate sputtering power (about 60 W) and with an oxygen flow rate of 0.25 ml·min-1 (sccm) during the deposi-tion.These results show that the ITO-MC electrodes can find their potential application in optoelectrical devices.     

细菌纤维素基柔性防护材料的制备及其性能研究

面对突发事件对人体最佳保护措施之一,为穿戴高性能的防护材料。因此,研制穿着舒适、行动自如、防护性能优的新型柔性防护材料已成热点。柔韧性好、力学强度高和合成方便等优势的细菌纤维素材料(BC),在高强度纤维、柔性复合膜等应用领域已经获得成功。采用模板法制备出多孔BC材料,通过与纳米SiO_2、聚乙二醇(PEG)形成的剪切增稠液(SiO_2/PEG)复合,制备出了新型柔性防护材料,并以Kevlar纤维与SiO_2/PEG复合材料为参照样,进行性能评估研究。实验结果表明,(1) SiO_2/PEG剪切增稠效应和临界剪切速率与SiO_2质量分数和PEG分子链长相关;(2)BC和Kevlar与SiO_2/PEG复合,以BC为基体的材料的弯曲角(85°),远高于Kelvar为基体材料的弯曲角(45°),显示出BC防护材料的高柔韧性;(3) SiO_2/PEG体系中加入BC(31.7%),其防护性能与Kelvar(88.4%)对8 J冲击动能防护性能相当。因而,BC材料在软防护材料、阻尼材料等应用方面具有较大应用潜能。     

细菌纤维素负载TiO_2用于DDNP废水光催化降解研究

细菌纤维素(BC)是一种环保可再生的生物材料,其具有很强的机械性能,很好的化学稳定性以及低廉的价格等优点。选用细菌纤维素为载体制备出具有优异形貌的TiO2/BC杂化纤维。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR),X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等对负载型TiO2的结构及形貌进行表征。最后通过测试杂化纤维对DDNP(二硝基重氮酚)废水的光催化降解效率和重复使用率评价其光催化性能。结果显示了该杂化材料对DDNP废水具有优异的光催化降解性能。     

水热碳化法制备碳微球

以糖类为原料,采用水热法制备碳微球,研究不同反应物以及反应条件对水热碳的影响。利用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对产物碳微球的结构和形貌进行表征,并借助傅立叶红外(FTIR)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)探讨了糖类水热碳化的反应机理。     

采用磁控溅射法在细菌纤维素膜上制备高性能的铟锡氧化物薄膜

Microbial cellulose (MC) membranes produced by Acetobacter xylinum NUST4.1, were used as flexible substrates for the fabrication of transparent indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes. Transparent and conductive ITO thin films were deposited on MC membrane at room temperature using radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering. The optimum ITO deposition conditions were achieved by examining crystalline structure, surface morphology and optoelectrical characteristics with X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and UV spectroscopy. The sheet resistance of the samples was measured with a four-point probe and the resistivity of the film was calculated. The results reveal that the preferred orientation of the deposited ITO crystals is strongly dependent upon with oxygen content (O2/Ar, volume ratio) in the sputtering chamber. And the ITO crystalline structure directly determines the conductivity of ITO-deposited films. High conductive [sheet resistance～120Ω.square-1(Ω.sq-1)] and transparent (above 76%)ITO rilms(240 nm thick) were Obtained with a moderate sputtering power (about 60 W) and with an oxygen flow rate of 0.25ml·min-1(sccm) during the deposition. These results show that the ITO-MC electrodes can find their potential application in optoelectrical devices.     

高产果胶酶菌株选育及发酵产酶条件优化的研究进展

果胶酶是指能够催化果胶质分解多种酶的总称,最初是由MacDonnell从桔子里提取得到的。作为一种非常重要的工业酶制剂,果胶酶具有不可估量的潜在应用价值。该文概述了果胶酶菌株的选育、培养基的优化及其发酵产酶条件的研究进展,希望能为相关研究者和有关企业提供参考。     

淀粉细菌纤维素复合材料的制备及应用

为了了解纤维素材料应用于实用性膳食纤维保健品中的作用,以淀粉和木醋杆菌活化菌种为原料,采取动静结合的发酵方式,制备出了淀粉/细菌纤维素复合材料(SBC)。采用离体实验模拟人体胃和肠道的pH环境,探讨了SBC在此环境之下的酸解效率,以及对于甘油和三聚氰胺的吸附能力和最大吸附量,为食用膳食纤维保健品的研发提供了依据。实验结果显示,SBC在酸性条件(模拟胃液,含量为0.15%的盐酸溶液)下的酸解效率为20.47%。甘油浓度为4%(V/V),三聚氰胺含量为4%(w/w)时,SBC的吸附效率最高。在此基础之上,SBC对甘油的最大吸附量为0.84 g(甘油)/1 g(SBC),对三聚氰胺的吸附量为9.92 mg(三聚氰胺)/1 g(SBC),且吸附量大约是纯细菌纤维素的2倍。     

添加羧甲基纤维素钠对动态细菌纤维素生产的影响

考察添加不同浓度羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na)对Acetobacter xylinum NUST4.1在摇瓶和机械搅拌发酵罐中产细菌纤维素(BC)的影响。结果发现:添加0.06% CMC-Na能有效解决发酵罐中严重结团和菌株逐级放大后生产稳定性差的2大难题,而且能显著提高纤维素产量,优化发酵罐基本工艺后能获得3.35g/L干纤维素,是基础培养的3.1倍。     

Acetobacter xylinum NUST4.2摇瓶培养高产细菌纤维素及应用研究

添加生长因子于Acetobactet-zylinum NUST4.2的基础培养基中,优化的发酵培养基为:葡萄糖18 g,蔗糖21 g,玉米浆干粉20 g,硫酸铵4 g,磷酸二氢钾2 g,硫酸镁0.4 g,醋酸1.4 mL,乙醇4 mL,硫酸亚铁2 mg,烟酰胺0.6 mg,对氨基苯甲酸0.6 mg,蛋氨酸3 mg,水1 L.采用该优化培养基,动态条件下纤维素产量达7.16 g·L-1,是基础培养基的9.7倍.将动态·细菌纤维素进行匀浆处理后,与两种植物纤维纸浆配合抄纸,结果发现添加细菌纤维素能提高纸张的机械性能和防水性.