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1.
The crystallization process of hexagonal boron nitride in the presence of copper has been investigated. The positive effect of copper on the crystallinity of boron nitride was observed in the three studied systems of: nitrided boron, nitrided boron–carbon, and previously prepared turbostratic boron nitride. However, the presence of copper hindered the formation of boron carbonitride and produced graphite and boron nitride phases separately. Poor crystallinity was found as a conditio sine qua non for the existence of such a compound. Well-crystallized boron nitride had a very low spacing parameter 0.3328 nm and a regular hexagonal shape. 相似文献
2.
In order to obtain information on the lattice location of B atoms in graphite, channelling experiments have been performed at room temperature with a proton beam of an energy of 0.65-0.77 MeV for the 〈0 0 0 1〉 axial channel in highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) crystals doped with 0.32 at.% B. The B atoms are detected by measuring α-particles which are emitted as a result of a nuclear reaction 11B(p,α)αα. It is clearly demonstrated that most of B atoms are shadowed behind the 〈0 0 0 1〉 C atomic rows. Taking account of the already reported experimental results on a change of lattice parameters by B-doping, it is concluded that most of B atoms are located at substitutional sites. It is also observed that B-doping introduces lattice strain on the c-plane. In addition, the presence of a small portion of interstitial B atoms is suggested. 相似文献
3.
4.
An approach to improve the accuracy of the incremental solutions to a nonlinear problem, through a strategy to control the size of the increment, based on stationary of an argumented energy functional, is presented. The problem of control of an optimum step size in the incremental theory is formulated for a fixed number of increments. The variables in this argumented functional are: (i) the incremental displacement vector, (ii) the scalar parameters
i
which characterize the size of each of the increments, i = 1,..., N, and (iii) a Lagrange multiplier which enforces the constraint that the sum of all the normalized increments, i. e., i is equal to 1. The optimality condition provides us a rigorous approach which gives rise to an iterative procedure because of nonlinearity of the stationary condition. If the number of increments is not prescribed, a noniterative procedure can be obtained, where the incremental sequence is controlled adaptively with less computational effort. The extension of the proposed method to non-selfadjoint problems, where a potential energy function does not exist, is also discussed. Numerical examples demonstrate the remarkable improvement in the accuracy of the solution by optimizing the incremental sequence, as well as the effectiveness of the adaptive control procedure proposed.Paper presented at The 16th International Congress of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, Lyngby, Denmark, August 19–25, 1984 相似文献
5.
Tsutomu Osawa Masashi Ando Saori Sakai Tadao Harada Osamu Takayasu 《Catalysis Letters》2005,105(1-2):41-45
The role of acetic acid added to the reaction media for the enantio-differentiating hydrogenation of methyl acetoacetate over
a (R,R)-tartaric acid-in-situ-modified nickel catalyst was studied from the viewpoint of the hydrogenation rate during repeated
runs. The hydrogenation of methyl acetoacetate on the “enantio-differentiating sites” of a tartaric acid-modified nickel catalyst
was specifically accelerated by the acetic acid added to the reaction media to increase the enantio-differentiating ability
of the catalyst. In order to increase the enantio-differentiating ability, the addition of acetic acid to the reaction media
was required in each run during the repeated use of the catalyst. 相似文献
6.
This article reviews the enantio-differentiating hydrogenation of prochiral ketones over a asymmetrically modified catalyst, focusing on the hydrogenation of simple prochiral alkanones. The parameters affecting catalytic activity and enantiodifferentiating ability are considerable in number, and each parameter should be optimized in order to attain a highperformance enantio-differentiating catalyst. Optimization of the parameters and the mode of enantio-differentiation are discussed and compared with the enantio-differentiating hydrogenation of β-ketoesters. 相似文献
7.
S-menthyloxycarbonylmethyl l- and d-cysteines were prepared by the reaction of l- or d-cysteine and (?)-menthyl chloroacetate in liquid ammonia and were then polymerized to poly(S-menthyloxycarbonylmethyll- and d-cysteines) by the N-carboxyanhydride (NCA) method. From the results obtained by means of infra-red spectra, X-ray diffractions, optical rotatory dispersions (o.r.d.), and circular dichroisms (c.d.), was found to be a right-handed α-helix in the solid state and in ethyl ether/chloroform and chloroform solutions. Similarly, was a left-handed α-helix. The helix-coil transition of these polymers was observed in the vicinity of 3–4% trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in chloroform/TFA mixtures. 相似文献
8.
Gas evolution, oxygen consumption, and change of mechanical properties were studied for the γ-ray irradiation of isotactic polypropylene from 60Co under various conditions, such as vacuum, air, and oxygen at room temperature. For irradiation under vacuum, G(H2) = 2.9 and G (CH4) = 0.09; the G values for other gases were very small. In the presence of oxygen, G(H2) was the same, and the G values for other hydrocarbons were two times those under vacuum. The G values of oxidative products and oxygen consumption were G(CO2) = 2.5, G(CO) = 1.1, and G(O2) = 50 at oxygen pressure of 500 torr and were dependent on oxygen pressure. With irradiation under vacuum at 2–3 Mrad, mechanical properties scarcely changes immediately after irradiation but degrade gradually with storage time in air at room temperature. 相似文献
9.
The contribution of ozone and hydroxyl radical to the formation of bromate ion was investigated in a continuous flow reactor. Experiments were conducted under a wide range of ozone dose (0.7 ~ 3.8 mgL), pH (6.5 ~ 8.5), and t-butanol concentration (0 ~ 0.5 mM). The formation of bromate ion was found to depend on radical reaction pathway, because the amount of bromate ion formed increased with pH and decreased with t-butanol, a radical scavenger, even when dissolved ozone concentrations were almost the same. In fact, the amount of bromate ion formed was reduced by 90% in the presence of t-butanol. Furthermore, the formation of bromate ion occurred even when dissolved ozone was not significantly detected in the presence of organic matter (TOC of 1 mgCL). The second-order reaction rate constant of hydroxyl radical with bromide ion, k HO,Br? of 1.7 × 109 (M?1s?1), was obtained on the assumption that the reactions of bromide ion and t-butanol with hydroxyl radical were competitive with each other in the presence of t-butanol and that the formation of bromate ion depended on the reaction of bromide ion with hydroxyl radical. Therefore, it is concluded that the reaction of bromide ion with hydroxyl radical dominated in the overall reaction from bromide ion to bromate ion in the continuous flow reactor. 相似文献
10.
By transforming the personal computer into a communication appliance, the Internet has initiated the true home computing revolution. As a result, Computer Mediated Communication (CMC) technologies are increasingly used in domestic settings, and are changing the way people keep in touch with their relatives and friends. This article first looks at how CMC tools are currently used in the home, and points at some of their benefits and limitations. Most of these tools supportexplicit interpersonal communication, by providing a new medium for sustaining conversations. The need for tools supportingimplicit interaction between users, in more natural and effottless ways, is then argued for. The idea of affective awareness is introduced as a general sense of being in touch with one's family and friends. Finally, the KAN-G framework, which enables affective awareness through the exchange of digital photographs, is described. Various components, which make the capture, distribution, observation and annotation of snapshots easy and effortless, are discussed. 相似文献