Case Depth Measurement of Induction Hardening Using Image Processing

INDUCTION HARDENING of medium carbon steel iswidely used to produce automotive parts,agriculturalequipment and other machines.Inductor with highfrequency electric current was used as a heater totransform microstructure of steel surface into Austenite.Then water was sprayed on the heated steel.Austenitetransformed into Martensite.Area of microstructuralchange was considered to be case depth that was animportant parameter to be controlled in productionprocess.The standard procedure to de…     

Human milk fatty acid composition from nine countries varies most in DHA

Many published studies of breast milk FA composition are limited to populations from one or two countries. We aimed to examine the degree to which FA compositions vary across a number of diverse populations. Because diet and maternal adipose stores influence breast milk FA composition, differences in FA composition between groups most likely reflect habitual dietary differences. Approximately 50 breast milk samples (full breast expression) were collected from women in Australia, Canada, Chile, China, Japan, Mexico, Philippines, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The proportion of saturated FA was relatively constant among countries, with the exception of the Philippines, where levels of lauric and myristic acids were elevated (means greater than two times the mean of most other countries). Monounsaturated FA also varied little, with the exception of low levels of oleic acid in the Philippines and high levels of erucic acid in China. Although arachidonic acid (C20∶4n−6) levels were similar among all countries (means ranging from 0.36 wt% to 0.49 wt%), mean DHA (C22∶6n−3) levels ranged from 0.17 to 0.99 wt%, with the highest levels in Japanese milk and the lowest levels in Canadian and U.S. samples. The results of this study demonstrate that the proportion of saturated and monounsaturated FA are relatively constant across a large number of countries, whereas the level of some of the PUFA, especially DHA, are highly variable.     

The Groningen Activity Restriction Scale (GARS) in the evaluation of severity of rheumatoid arthritis]

The antiviral effect of amantadine (1-aminoadamantane) was tested in vitro as well as in vivo. Treatment of persistently Borna disease virus (BDV)-infected cell lines of different origin and for various length of time did not result in a general reduction of virus titer or clearance of virus from infected cells. In vivo, rats were treated with amantadine by daily oral application or by use of osmotic pumps, and in both cases treatment was started before infection. Neither route of application of the drug had any influence on the time of onset of disease, on antiviral antibody titers, on virus titer in the brain, on the severity of the inflammatory reaction in the brain, or on the severity of neurological symptoms. These experiments, although revealing negative results and obtained using a virus from a natural case of Borna disease grown after isolation in vitro for a long period of time, should caution from the general use of amantadine as a curative agent against BDV infection as has been implicated recently [Bode et al. (1997) Lancet 349:178-179].     

Treatment of structural foam testing results

The great strides made over the last two decades allow the design engineer to predict performance characteristics in solid plastics. The current state of the art in structural foam is somewhat more primitive. Theories and basic design procedures as well as measurement of mechanical properties require evaluation. Because of the deep penetration of structural foam into the marketplace, especially in the large consumer areas of furniture and automotive applications, design techniques are required to cover the many application. This paper reviews briefly the basic information needed for structural foams, compares empirical relations and theoretical models, and discusses some inherent limitations of foamed materials.