挥发性有机污染场地原位评价的膜界面探测器MIP研究综述

膜界面探测器(Menmberane Interface Probe, MIP)是应用与土壤和地下水挥发性有机污染场地原位勘测的技术设备。近年来被广泛应用于VOCs污染场地勘测中。对MIP的结构、测试原理以及与其相匹配的气相色谱检测器进行了介绍,综述了MIP在国内外污染场地勘测的应用案例,总结了国外学者针对MIP测试精度进行的研究结果。分析表明,MIP原位测试能全面地、真实地反应污染场地挥发性有机物分布状况,减少污染场地勘查成本,提高污染场地勘查效率。通过与其它原位测试探头的结合,可同时对污染场地岩土工程特性进行评价,进而为后续污染场地治理方案的制定提供依据。     

负载型纳米TiO_2光催化氧化NO_x的实验研究

阐述了负载型纳米TiO2光催化氧化NOx的机理,并设计了光催化氧化实验装置。采用超声波震荡将纳米TiO2均匀地镀在活性炭纤维、γ-Al2O3颗粒和石英砂颗粒上,制备了3种催化剂,从吸附、光解和氧化3个角度比较了3种催化剂的催化效果,然后考察了NO浓度、O2含量和含湿量等3个影响因素对NO转化率的影响。研究结果表明:NO浓度较低时,以活性炭纤维为载体的光催化剂,由于其较高的吸附能力和选择性催化氧化(SCO)特性,取得了较好的NO转化率;NO浓度较高时,以石英砂颗粒为载体的光催化剂,由于其较好的透光性,取得较好的NO转化率。     

Comparison between sequential and single extraction procedures for metal speciation in fresh and dried Sedum Plumbizincicola

Sequential and single extraction procedures were applied to both fresh and dried Sedum Plumbizincicola leaves and stems.The extractants, different from those of soil, sediment or sewage sludge metal fractions, were water, 80%(v/v) ethanol, 1 mol/L Na Cl,2% HAc and 0.6 mol/L HCl. Zn, Cd and Cu in the extracts and samples were measured by flame atomic adsorption spectrometry. In sequential extraction procedures, water soluble form and ethanol soluble form are the main fractions for Zn, while water soluble form and Na Cl soluble form for Cd, and comparatively uniform distribution for Cu with the residue form most and HCl soluble form second. Single extraction procedures are used to compare the extraction efficiencies of the five reagents to screen appropriate extractants and operating conditions for liquid extraction to deal with large amount of harvested metal-contained biomass, which will pose a threat to the environment if treated improperly. The sequences of extraction efficiencies are HCl>Na Cl≈HAc>Water≈Ethanol for Zn and HCl≈Na Cl≈HAc>Water>Ethanol for Cd. As for Cu, all the five extractants cannot effectively extract Cu, but HCl achieves a higher efficiency(>70% in fresh samples, and 45%-60% in dried samples). Besides, extraction efficiencies for most extractants in fresh samples are higher than those in dried samples, and extraction efficiencies of stems and leaves for the five extractants are close. The two extraction procedures can obtain high degree of accuracy with the relative standard deviation(RSD)lower than 10%, and metal recoveries are controlled between 80%-120% with most of 90%-110%.     

等离子体氧化NO的试验研究及神经网络预测

NO的氧化对于提高湿式氨法的脱硝效率具有重要意义。通过试验研究考察了烟气流量、放电电流、温度、NO浓度和SO2浓度等参数对NO氧化效率的影响,结果表明,烟气流量、温度、NO浓度的增加和SO2的存在都会抑制NO的氧化,但SO2浓度的影响不大,而放电电流的增加会促进NO的氧化。基于试验研究,利用L-MBP神经网络建立了NO氧化率的预测模型,经过训练后对NO的氧化率进行了预测,预测结果与试验结果吻合度较好,说明L-MBP神经网络预测模型用于NO氧化效率的预测是可行的。