Digital preservation of a Taiwanese historical settlement: Using 3D post-construction scan to develop an application framework and reference for Beipu Township

The purpose of this study is to build a post-construction 3D computer model of the historical settlement of Beipu Township in Taiwan as an application and reference framework. The cultural assets were digitally preserved in a post-construction and modified form as an attempt to fulfill the life-cycle management of data for culture workers, researchers and architects. The scan process was managed in four hierarchies: the whole region, the seven historical buildings, the four streets and the special features, in different scales. The final digital model integrates research results from all involved parties, integrates local practice needs, represents hypothesis in city development, enhances historical understanding and interpretation, and facilitates remote access.     

Experimental calculation of mixed-mode notch stress intensity factors for anisotropic materials

This study developed a least-squares method to find the notch stress intensity factors (SIFs) of anisotropic materials using image-correlation experiments without the requirement of smooth procedures. Complex displacement functions are deduced into a least-squares form, and then displacements from the image-correlation experiments are substituted into the least-squares equation to evaluate the notch SIFs for anisotropic materials. Experimental results compared with the H-integral and finite element analyses show that the SIFs evaluated from the current method are acceptably accurate if more than five displacement terms are included. Moreover, the least-squares SIFs are not sensitive to the maximum or minimum radius of the area from which data is included, so experimental data very near the notch tip is not necessary.     

Unveiling characteristics of dye-bearing microbial fuel cells for energy and materials recycling: Redox mediators

This study disclosed why and how some decolorized intermediates (e.g., 2-aminophenol) could act as electron-shuttling mediator(s) to enhance the capabilities of reductive decolorization and bioelectricity generation. It also selected several model auxochrome-containing compounds structurally associated to 2AP to explore how chemical structure influenced the feasibility of possible electron shuttles for power producing capabilities in microbial fuel cells (MFCs). The selection criteria of electron-shuttling mediators were suggested for optimal reductive decolorization and bioelectricity generation in MFCs for practical application.     

探测器波段响应率及其测试定标法

描述了碲镉汞红外探测器相对光谱分布Ｇ（λ）和波段响应率Δλ的测试计算方法，以及其在１０５Ｋ温度下工作时，其中的一些定标问题，给出了１０５Ｋ温度下工作，空间应用的碲镉汞光导红外探测器有关测试方法、设备及测试结果，并给出了相应的测试误差。     

The effects of film thickness variations on the residual stress distributions in coated Cr thin films

Generally, the residual stress of thin film coatings is calculated using Stoney's equation. However, variables in the manufacturing of the coated film, such as crystalline particle size and the unevenness of the thickness of the film, cause the radius of curvature of the beam to vary all over the beam. The cantilever beam curves not only in the axial direction but also in the transverse direction. Therefore, the residual stress in a film coating comprises not only axial residual stress but also transverse residual stress, and its distribution is also not uniform. Under such conditions, Stoney's equation must be modified. In this study, Si was used as a substrate in the production of cantilever beam specimens. Chromium thin films of various thicknesses were coated onto the Si substrates. The 3D digital image correlation technique was used to measure the out‐of‐plane displacement of the specimens at various positions. Then the modified Stoney's equation was used to obtain the axial and transverse residual stress at each measurement point to study the effect of variations in the thickness of the thin film on the magnitude and uniformity of the distribution of the residual stresses. Three thin film thicknesses 1, 2, and 3 μm were studied, and three specimens for each thickness were used. For each specimen, axial and transverse residual stresses were obtained at nine test points, and the equivalent residual stress was calculated. The results of this study reveal that as the difference between the thicknesses of the coating increased, average equivalent residual stress decreased and the distribution of stresses became more uniform. By comparing the corresponding results for the 1‐ and 3‐μm‐thick films revealed that the confidence levels in the average value and uniformity of the equivalent residual stress distribution, which increased with thickness, were 92.81% and 80.57%, respectively.     

Cooling Rate Effects on the Microstructure,Magnetic Properties,and DC Superposition Behavior of NiCuZn Ferrites

This study investigated the cooling rate effects on the magnetic properties of NiCuZn ferrites. A copper‐rich phase segregated near the grain boundaries during sintering was observed. The amount of copper‐rich precipitates depends strongly on the cooling rate and decreases with decreasing cooling rate. The quenched sample exhibited superior initial permeability and DC‐bias‐superposition characteristics due to the highest saturation magnetization and a thick nonmagnetic second phase segregated at the grain boundaries. A NiCuZn ferrite with superior initial permeability and DC superposition characteristics can be obtained by controlling the cooling rate to adjust the copper‐rich precipitate thickness at the grain boundaries.     

Control of a direct internal reforming molten carbonate fuel cell system using wavelet network-based Hammerstein models

Inspired by a direct internal reforming molten carbonate fuel cell (DIR-MCFC) coupled with complicated nonlinear dynamics, the identification and control design of the Hammerstein model is presented. Through the sequential identification procedure, the static nonlinearity block is considered as the wavelet network which is trained and validated by the on-line learning algorithm, and the linear dynamic block is described by the state-space model in which parameters are estimated by the recursive least square algorithm. Using the numerical interpolation technique to approximate the implicit nonlinear function, we present a composite control framework consists of a nonlinear inversion and linear control. Through the closed-loop simulation tests, the nonlinear inversion design for the nonlinearity cancellation of a class of nonlinear systems is validated.     

5-GHz Low Power Current-Reused Balanced CMOS Differential Armstrong VCOs

This letter proposes 5-GHz low power differential Armstrong voltage controlled oscillators (VCOs) based on balanced topology. One designed VCO uses two single-ended Armstrong VCOs coupled to each other in parallel by balanced structure. The other current-reused VCO uses two single-ended Armstrong VCOs stacked in series. The former VCO oscillates from 4.96 to 5.34GHz and the power consumption is 3.9mW at 0.6-V supply voltage. The latter operates from 4.98 to 5.45GHz and dissipates 2.59mW at 1.8-V supply voltage. The measured phase noises are about -116.71dBc/Hz and -110.02dBc/Hz at 1-MHz offset frequency from 5.1-GHz band, respectively. The former and the latter VCO have an advantage of low power consumption and provide a good figure of merit of about -185dBc/Hz and -180dBc/Hz, respectively