Cost-Effective Water-Quality Modelling of Potable Water Distribution Systems

Before privatization of the water authorities in England and Wales in 1989, future water companies were instructed to provide auditable proof of their investment requirements by the production of asset management plans.
With respect to distribution systems for potable water, asset management plan studies have established that unlined ferrous mains are often the main cause of complaints about discoloured water. It has also been found that the investment in water mains rehabilitation, which is driven by water quality problems, overshadows similar investment requirements driven by high burst rates and poor hydraulic performance.
This paper describes how certain techniques of water quality modelling have been developed and refined to provide a rapid, cost-effective method for identifying requirements for water-main rehabilitation.     

Digital Rights Management

This article presents a selection of Internet links which provide a sound introduction to Digital Rights Management Systems (DRMS). First, links to scientific papers, information portals, organizations companies and consortia are presented to give a general view about DRMS. Then, various aspects about DRMS are presented with a special focus on legal, technological and economical aspect. For each of those further information and links are provided in order to give a better understanding about this topic.     

Requirements for Quality System Certification to BS 5750 with Reference to the Water Industry

Quality assurance for the water industry and its suppliers is being seen to be of ever-increasing importance as a means of meeting the demands of customers and giving confidence to regulators. The creation of the Water Industry Certification Scheme demonstrates the industry's increased level of commitment to quality assurance.
This paper considers the requirements and benefits of certification of quality systems with particular reference to the BS 5750/EN 29000/ISO 9000 series of standards. The requirements for certification in the water industry are discussed in terms of corporate policy, what is stated in the standard, and how the requirements of some elements of the standard might be interpreted by a certification body.     

Small-male advantage in the territorial tropical butterfly Heliconius sara (Nymphalidae): a paradoxical strategy?

Answering the need for a simple, nonenteric method of increasing bladder capacity, this article offers a new laparoscopic procedure for autoaugmentation of the bladder in children. An outline of the technical design is given. Experience with seven children is delineated. Postoperative voiding control and function capacity were greatly improved; this procedure is judged worthy of addition to the surgical armamentarium.     

Accreditation of Products and Services for the Water Industry

This paper describes the programme of work being undertaken in a number of European organizations supported by the European Commission, which is designed to achieve the Single European Market. In particular, an explanation is provided on the organization of European standards, concentrating on the work affecting the water cycle. Reference is made to the public procurement, utilities and construction products Directives, and the need for accreditation using certification and testing. Also, an explanation is provided of the committee structure being established to facilitate mutual recognition of certification and test procedures to satisfy both regulatory and voluntary requirements of products and services.     

High-Pressure Water Jetting: Avoiding Damage to Sewers

High-pressure water jetting of sewers and drains is being undertaken in the UK using equipment which, under certain circumstances, can damage the pipes. Research was therefore carried out to provide information which would accurately identify the potential for causing damage and enable preventative measures to be undertaken.
This paper explains the key factors which control the potential to damage sewers and drains by pressure jetting, and provides details of a new jetting test for pipes.     

^3He球形正比计数器热中子探测效率研究

导出了球形计数器中子探测效率与其结构参数的关系。计算和测量了~3He球形正比计数器对一已知温度麦克斯韦谱中子的探测效率,计算值与实验值在实验误差以内相符。     

Study of an occupied low energy house: 2—Ventilation studies

The ventilation requirements of a low energy house are assessed, and measurements are presented of the performance of the mechanical ventilation and heat recovery system which was installed. The results are discussed in terms of energy and financial savings. The ventilation system is necessary for healthy habitation, and energy is saved by reducing uncontrolled ventilation, but the savings due to heat recovery are not justified economically.