啮合参数对分扭-并车齿轮传动系统分岔特性的影响

为研究分扭-并车齿轮传动系统非线性分岔特性,建立了含多间隙的分扭-并车齿轮系统非线性动力学模型,引入高斯消元技术和广义相对位移变量消除了系统的刚体位移,并对动力学方程组实施了量纲一化处理。综合考虑啮合频率、齿侧间隙、综合传动误差和阻尼比等激励下的分岔通道,借助分岔图、Poincaré截面和Lyapunov指数等手段对系统的分岔行为进行了定性和定量表征。结果表明啮合频率增大时系统发生逆向倍周期分岔,分岔点位置受齿侧间隙影响显著;齿侧间隙和综合传动误差变化下混沌域内均出现短暂周期窗口;阻尼对倍周期分岔运动存在抑制作用,其结果对该类齿轮系统动力学设计具有参考价值。     

泥炭泥浆在治疗中的放射性

正为确定泥炭泥浆中天然和人工同位素的含量,并估算标准泥炭泥浆处理过程中患者皮肤吸收的辐射剂量,分析了从波兰8个矿泉采集的37个样本,用γ能谱法测量同位素浓度活性。标准泥炭泥浆浴治疗中的皮肤剂量约为300 nSv,泥炭泥浆这种治疗的有效剂量被认为是22 nSv。治疗过程中     

发呆,也是一种小美好

正白岩松说,没事儿的时候发发呆。我们疲于追逐成功的路上,发呆成了一种奢侈。是啊,回想一下,在我们每天仅有的24小时中,工作、交际以及各种琐事占据了大半,剩下的注意力又被手机等携带大量娱乐信息的产品夺走。我们每天生活的似乎都很"丰满",迈着急促的脚步穿梭于公司、学校、商场、电影院之间,甚至感觉时间不够用,经常熬夜到凌晨,因此,我们没有多余的时间去发呆,或者说,在这个充满娱乐信息的时代,我们不需要去孤独地发呆。     

联合支护体系在深基坑支护中的应用分析

深基坑支护是高层建筑施工中的重要组成部分,基础稳定性对整个建筑结构的安全起着决定性作用。确保基坑稳定的关键在于针对不同地层下合理的支护方案。文章结合工程实际,分析在泥炭土地层软弱基础上采矿用多种联合支护体系对基坑进行降水稳定施工。事实证明,结合各种支护方案的优点针对不同周边环境及地层进行基坑支护是合理可行的。     

房屋建筑机电施工的技术管理现状和改进刍议

现代建筑中的机电施工比重越来越大,加强机电施工技术管理不仅影响建筑物实现预期的功能与效益,更关系到建筑整体的安全运行与使用寿命。文章介绍了当前机电施工的技术管理现状,并就其改进提出了见解与建议,以期为相关从业人员提供一些浅见。     

An assessment of natural concentrations of selected metals in the bone tissues of the femur head

The study was aimed at assessing the natural concentrations of copper, iron, potassium, lead and cadmium in the femur head using regression analysis. The material was collected during the operation of total hip arthroplasty from patients of southern and central Poland suffering from diagnosed coxarthrosis. In total, 197 samples were collected, including 68 samples of spongious bone, 59 samples of cortical bone and 70 samples of cartilage surface. After wet microwave digestion, the metal content in the samples was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The average concentrations of metals in the femur head were 67.30 microgFe/g, 760.58 microgK/g, 0.07 microgCd/g, 0.81 microgCu/g and 2.76 microgPb/g. A comparison of metal concentrations in bone tissues assessed by regression analysis to the findings of other authors revealed that the technique can be used to assess the natural concentration of elements in tissues and the results may provide a basis for the evaluation of metal concentrations in the human organism.     

关于建筑的解释

在爱因斯坦发现相对论之前，我们一直用牛顿的经典力学来看待物理世界，后来我们发现，牛顿的经典力学是不全面的。现代很多分子生物学家对达尔文的进化论提出了质疑。我认为进化论也像牛顿的经典力学一样只解释了一些宏观现象，需要有一种更全面的理论来解释分子层面上的问题。     

Land inputs of trace metals, major elements, particulate organic carbon and suspended solids to an industrial coastal bay of the NE Atlantic

Rivers, streams and municipal and industrial effluents flowing into the Ferrol Ria (NW Spain) were analyzed for dissolved and particulate trace elements (Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn), particulate major elements (Al, Fe, Si), particulate organic carbon and nitrogen (POC and PON), and total suspended solids. Trace metal clean techniques were applied. Mean annual fluxes of these components were calculated. Dissolved trace metal concentrations in the major freshwater inputs were found to be within typical values for uncontaminated rivers: Cd: 0.020-0.035 nM; Cu: 11.7-19.2 nM; Pb: 0.40-0.71 nM and Zn: 18-54 nM. Two sources of suspended particulate matter (SPM) were observed: (i) a detrital SPM, which becomes more important at high river discharges, with metal concentrations tending to lithogenic values; (ii) an organic- and metal-rich SPM, which becomes dominant at low discharges. Municipal and industrial effluents in the northern shore, despite of constitute a minor freshwater contribution to the bay, were responsible for more than 50% of total inputs of Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn, POC and PON. The fluxes of trace metals obtained for the Ferrol Ria are in the range of other inhabited world semi-enclosed embayments.     

Assessment of DNA damage in coal open-cast mining workers using the cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus test and the comet assay

Coal mining is one of the most important causes of environmental pollution, as large quantities of coal dust particles are emitted. Colombia-South America has large natural coal reserves and “El Cerrejón” is the world's largest open-cast mine located in the northern department of Guajira. The aim of the present study was to evaluate genotoxic effects in a population exposed to coal residues from the open-cast mine “El Cerrejón”. 100 exposed workers and 100 non-exposed control individuals were included in this study. The exposed group was divided according to different mining area activities: (i). Transport of extracted coal, (ii). Equipment field maintenance, (iii). Coal stripping and, (iv). Coal embarking. Blood samples were taken to investigate biomarkers of genotoxicity, specifically, primary DNA damage as damage index (DI), tail length and% of tail DNA using the Comet assay (alkaline version) and chromosome damage as micronucleus (MN) frequency in lymphocytes. Both biomarkers showed statistically significantly higher values in the exposed group compared to the non-exposed control group. No difference was observed between the exposed groups executing different mining activities. These results indicate that exposure to coal mining residues may result in an increased genotoxic exposure in coal mining workers. We did not find a correlation between age, alcohol consumption and service time with the biomarkers of genotoxicity. Our results are the first data of genotoxic effects induced by coal mining exposure in Colombia, and thus, contribute to the exploration of test batteries use for monitoring of exposed populations and may stimulate designing control, hygiene and prevention strategies for occupational health risk assessment in developing countries.